.
?
S.87-34
SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY
MEMORANDUM
TO: ?
Senate
?
FROM: ?
J.W.G. Ivany,
Chair, SCAP
SUBJECT:
Faculty of Applied Sciences
?
DATE: ?
Nov.19, 1987
Department of Communication
Reference: SCUS 87-6
SCAP 87-55
Action undertaken by the Senate Committee on Academic Planning/Senate
Committee on Undergraduate Studies gives rise to the following motion:
S
MOTION:
?
the
"That
Board
Senate
of Governors,
approve and
as
recommend
set forth in
approval
S.87-34
to
New courses:
CMNS 201-3 Introduction to Human
Communication
Networks
CMNS
220-3
Understanding
Television
CMNS
301-3
Communication
Network Research
CMNS
302-3
Communication
Network Research
Methods
CMNS
334-4
Cultural
?
Policy
CMNS
335-4
The Newspaper
Industry and Press
Policy in Canada
CMNS
342-4
Public Science
Policy I:
?
Risk
Communication
CMNS
442-4
Public Science
Policy II: Standards
Deletion of
CMNS 360-4 Fundamentals of Communication
Research"
Dept. of Communication
?
ASU 87-3
(A) GENERAL RATIONALE:
The current submission from the Department of Communication
represents the second stage of the curriculum rationalization,
undertaken in 1986-87. It is comprised of two elements:
(1)
Changes in the curriculum and calendar description
related to the reorientation of the Department of
Communication in the Faculty of Applied Sciences.
(2)
New courses in the Department's three areas of
concentration -- media,, technology, and policy -- as a
result of the addition of new faculty.
(B) RESOURCES:
The net addition of new courses is feasible for the following
reasons:
(1) Although the Department of Communication's FTE's is
higher than many departments in the university, the
ongoing process of specialiation and
r
ationalization of
the curriculum has had two results:
- It has meant that the Department now offers fewer
courses per faculty member than comparable departments.
- It has also meant that courses are scheduled
considerably more frequently than in other departments.
The addition of new courses fills in gaps in the re-
oriented curriculum and responds to student demand, and
particularly heavy student enrollments. Course offering
frequency can be reduced without jeopardizing the
programs of Majors or Minors.
(2)
The addition of three new faculty, each of which has been
given the opportunity of developing one (or at the most,
two) new course(s) in conjunction with current course
commitments in the curriculum.
(3)
The availability of a Canada Research Fellow in the
short-term, and the return of a regular faculty to full-
time teaching in the long-term.
?
Both of these
individuals can teach one of the proposed new courses
cited in the proposal.
(C) FUTURE PLANS:
The proposed rationalization will leave the Department with a
• ?
major faculty shortage in the "policy" area of the curriculum;
one that cannot be met with current faculty resources. With
the return of Bill Melody in 1988, attention will be directed
to measures to address this portion of the curriculum and to
rectify the problem.
t
.
Dept. of Communication ?
ASU 87-3
COURSES
(A)
New
ADDED:
courses
?
in the "technology" area of concentration:
0
CMNS 342-4:
Public Science Policy I: Risk-Communication
CMNS 442-4:
Public Science Policy II: Standards
Rationale: ?
Two course sequence drawing upon emerging area of
?
faculty expertise.
CMNS 201-3: Introduction to Human Communication Networks.
CMNS 301-4: Communication Network Research.
Rationale: Two course sequence drawing upon professor's
research and expertise. Portions of the course material were
previously covered in CMNS 253-3 and CMNS 353-4.
CMNS 346-4:
International Communication
Rationale: Introductory course in two course sequence on
communication and development; course material preparatory to
course on The Communication of Science and the Transfer of
Technology. Course uses resources of new faculty (Walls)
(B)
Other new courses:
CMNS 334-4: Cultural Policy.
CMNS 335-4: The Newspaper Industry and Press Policy.
Rationale:
?
Courses extend offerings in "policy" area of
concentration. ?
They draw upon the resources of new faculty
(Beale) and of the Research Professor (Hackett). Faculty
(Lorimer) will be available to teach CMNS 335-4 when the term
of Research Professor is over.
CMNS 220-3: Understanding Television:
CMNS 422-4: Media and Ideology.
Rationale: Courses fill "gaps" in the media curriculum, and
respond to student demand for new courses in this area of
concentration. The resources of new faculty (Gruneau) support
the introduction of these courses.
(C)
Replacement course:
CMNS 302-4: Communication Network Research Methods.
Rationale: Course replaces CMNS 360-4, and its introduction
is consistent with the Department's intention to offer
specialized methods courses only.
Dean
WEE-
chairman,
SdUS
0-
Department Chairman
ASU 87-3
SENATE COMMITTEE ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES ?
NEW COURSE PROPOSAL FORM
I. Calendar Information ?
Department:
Communication
AbhreviatlonCode:_CMNS
Course Number:201
?
Credit
Hours:
3
Vector: 2-1-0
Title of Course: ?
INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN COMMUNICATION NETWORKS.
Calendar Description of Course:
An introduction to human communication/information networks. Topics
include: cliques, isolates, liaisons, strong vs. weak ties; contacts
and influence; societal cohesiveness; networks and power.
Nature of Course
Lecture/Tutorial.
Prerequisites (or special instructions):
30 credit hours.
What course (courses), if any, is being dropped from the calendar if this course is
approved:
NONE
2. Scheduling
how frequently will the course be offered? ?
Once or twice per year.
Semester in which the course will first be offered?
?
1988-3
Which of your present faculty would be available to make the proposed offering
possible?
Richards
.
ObjectivesoftheCourse
To introduce the network approach to understanding communication and the
role it plays in society. To familiarize students with basic theoretical
and conceptual issues related to the network approach. To prepare the
students for more advanced work in this area.
4.
Biidgeiary andSpaceRequirements (for information only)
W1iit additional resources will he required in the following areas:
Faculty
Staff
Library ?
) ?
NONE
Audio Visual
Space
Equipment ?
)
5.
E)ate:
SC(JS 73-34b: (When completing this form, for instructions see Memorandum SCUS 73-34a.
attach course outline).
-
?
CMNS 201-3: Introduction to Communication Networks
(a) Calendar Description:
An introduction to human communication/information networks.
Topics include: cliques, isolates, liaisons, strong vs.
weak ties; contacts and influence; societal cohesiveness;
networks and power.
( .
b) Rationale:
Course has been taught using CMNS 253-3 for the last few
years, reflecting shifting orientation of faculty's research
and interest. The introduction of a new course rationalizes
current practice, leaving in place CMNS 253-3 as it was
originally intended, and as it remains an essential part of
the Department's curriculum.
(c) Sample Outline: attached.
.
[II
(c) Sample Course Outline.
.
?
CMNS 201-3
INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
This course provides an introduction to the network approach to understanding communication in society, in
organizations, or other social groups. Here the focus is on the networks of relationships that both make
social action possible and provide the context for all social activities. The course begins with an examination
of some of the studies that provided the starting points for the network approach. It moves on to the theory
of networks, introducing and defining concepts and issues that are central to the study of social networks, and
describing the more common approaches taken to the analysis of networks. Finally, attention is turned to
illustrations of the uses of the network approach in a range of different situations.
Week-by-Week
Outline:
A.
?
Origins and Background of the Network Approach
1. ?
Introduction to the course.
2. ?
Origins of the network approach.
Travers and S. Miligram, Small World Studies,
pp.
179-197.
Elihu Katz, The Two-Step Flow of Communication.
Net
Work #1.
3. ?
Patterns of communication and influence, power, effectiveness.
A. Bavelas, Communication Patterns in Task-Oriented Groups.
K. Black, Influence through Social Comminication.
•
?
R. McCleery,
of Authority
Comminicatjon
and Power.
Patterns as Bases of Systems of?
4. ?
Networks and society.
I. de Sola
49-51).
Pool and M. Kochen, Contacts and Influence (
pp .
5-29,
Mark Grannovetter's 'Strength of Weak Ties".
B.
?
Theory of Networks
5. ?
Systems perspective.
Net Work #2 -- systems, parts and wholes, context.
E. Rogers and L. Kincaid,
pp.
31-77
6.
?
Network concepts.
Net Work #3 -- relationships and links.
R. Bernard, P. Killworth, L. Sailer Studies.
7. ?
The network approach to communication studies.
Net Work #4 -- the network approach
L. Guimaraes, Network Analysis.
8. ?
Different approaches to networks.
Net Work
#5 --
cliques, clusters, groups, blocks.
9. ?
Network variables.
Net Work 116 -- the meaning and use of network variables
10. ?
Illustration of personal communication networks.
Foster Parents Study.
0
CMNS 201-3, page 2
.
C. ?
Using the Network Approach
11.
Networks in organizations.
Net Work U7 -- organizational communication systems.
Bernard and Killworth, "Some Formal Properties of Networks".
12.
Networks in information diffusion.
Weinberg, et al.'s, "Communication among Physicians".
Coleman, Katz and Menzel's "The Diffusion of Information
among Physicians".
13.
Problems in network research.
Assignments and Grading:
There will be short (2-3 typed double-spaced pages) assignments due in weeks 3,
5,
7 and 10. Two of these
assignments will be done in conjunction with tutorial sessions that will be held in the Department's micro-
computer laboratory, using special programs developed specifically for this purpose. A term paper will be
due on Friday of the last week of classes. Specific topics for these assignments and the term paper will be
dicussed in advance in the lectures. Grades will be computed as follows:
Assignment #1
due week
3
10%
Assignment#2
dueweek
5
15%
Assignment #3
due week
7
20%
Assignment #4
due week
10
20%
Term Paper
due week
13
35%
0
CMNS 201-3, page 3
9 -
?
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bavelas, Alex. 1950 "Communication Patterns in Task-oriented Groups"J. Acoustical Society of America,
3,307-312
Back, Kurt. 1951 "Influence through social communication"J. Abnormal and Social Psychology,
46, 9-23
Coleman, J., Katz,
20,253-270
E., & Menzel, H.
1957
"The diffusion of an innovation among physicians" Sociometry,
Danovskj, James. 1985 "Personal network integration:
Info g
r
aphic,Psychographjc and Demographic
factors unpublished, presented at International Communication Association, San Francisco.
de Sola Pool, 1., & Kochen, M. 1978 "Contacts and Influence"J. Social Networks, 1,5-51
Granovetter, Mark 1976 "Strength of Weak Ties" American Journal of
Soci
oi p gy, 78, 1360-1380
McCleery, 1960 "Communication patterns ad bases of systems of authority and power" Theoretical Studies
49-77
in Social Organization of the Prison. Social Research Council. Pamphlet 15,
Jacobson, E., &
7,28-40
Seashore, S. 1951 "Communication practices in complex organizations" J. of Social Issues,
Katz, Elihu 1957 "The two-step flow of communication: an up-to-date report on an hypothesis" Ebiic
Opinion Ouary, XXI, 71-78
Travers, Jeffrey & Milgram, Stanley 1969 "Small world studies" Sociomy, 32,
425-443
Weinberg, A., Ullian,
J.
Medical
L., Richards,
Education,
W.
56,
D.,
174-180
& Cooper, P. 1981" Communication among Physicians"
Richards, William 1985 "Data, models, and assumptions in networkanalysis" in Organizational
Communication:
K.
(eds) Sage Publications,
Traditional
Beverley
Themes
Hills
and New. Directions. Mc Phee, R. D., & Tompkins, P.
Richards, William D. 1987 "Organizational Communication Networks" in Organizational Communication
2nd ed Ferguson, S (eds) forthcoming
Bernard, Russ, & Killworth, Peter 1975 "Some Formal Properties of Office of Naval Research Technical
Report.
KillwortJ, P. & Bernard, R. 1976 "Informant accuracy in social network data" Human Organization, 35,
269-286
Guimaraes, Litton 1.971 "Communication Networks" unpublished mimeo Department of Communication,
Michigan State University
Rogers, Everett & Kincaid, Lawrence 1982 Commmunjcatjon Networks New York Basic Books
0
ASU 87-3
SENATE COMMITTEE ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES
?
NEW COURSE PROPOSAL FORM
1. Calendar
Information ?
Department: Communication
Abbreviation Code: CMNS Course Number: 220
?
Credit Hours: 3 Vector:2-1-0
Title
of Course: UNDERSTANDING TELEVISION.
Calendar Description of Course:
This course examines television, both as a medium of communication
and as an element of culture.
Nature of Course Lecture/Tutorial.
Prerequisites (or special instructions):
CMNS 110 or 130. Students who have taken CMNS 220 prior
to
Fall 1988
may not claim further credit for this course.
What
course (courses),
if any, is being dropped from the calendar if this course is
approved: NONE.
2.
Scheduling
flow
frequently will the course be offered? ?
Twice a year.
Strnester
In which the course will first be offered? ?
Fall 1988.
Which of your
present
faculty would be available to make the proposed offering
possible? Gruneau
3.
Objectives of the Course
1.
To complement CMNS 221-3 and 215-3.
2.
To provide a close examination of television.
3.
To serve as a foundation for more advanced courses in media studies,
for example, CMNS 321-4 and CMNS 341-4.
4.
Budgetary andSpace Requirements (for information only)
What
additional resources will he required in the following areas:
Faculty
?
)
Staff
Library
Audio Visual
?
NONE.
Space
?
)
Equipment ?
)
.
5. Approval
Da
t
c:^A
tco
9--^3 if
Department Chairman
Dean
?
Chairman, SCUS
SCtIS 73-34b: (When
completing
this
form, for instructions see Memorandum SCUS 73-34a.
attach course
outline).
0 ?
CMNS 220-3: Understanding Television
(a)
Calendar Description:
This course examines television, both as a medium of
communication and as an element of culture.
(b)
Rationale:
This course draws upon the expertise of a new faculty member,
and is designed to complement CMNS 221-3 (Media and Audiences),
and CMNS 215-3 (Advertising as Social Communication). The
material is important for the study of media generally, and
specifically, for CMNS 321-4, CMNS 341-4 and CMNS 421-4.
(c)
Sample Outline: attached.
(C)
Sample CourseOutline.
MNS
220-3
UNDERSTANDING TELEVISION
This course examines television, both as a medium of
communication, and as an element of culture.
Week-by-Week Outline:
PART ONE: HISTORY, CULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY.
1.
Manufacturing images: An historical perspective.
2.
The making of the medium: Television and technology.
3.
Institutions and forms: The development of television
production.
.
PART TWO: THEORIES AND MODELS IN THE STUDY OF TELEVISION.
4.
Critiques and defences of television.
5.
Models for understanding television.
6.
Theories of television and society.
PART THREE: CODES AND CONVENTIONS.
7.
The analysis of content.
8.
The analysis of effects.
9.
The analysis of codes and structures.
PART FOUR: CASE STUDIES IN TELEVISION ANALYSIS.
10.- Case studies of prime-time television, sports programming,
12.
news, daytime and nightime soaps, children's programs, music
video shows and others.
PART FIVE: CONCLUSION.
13.
Towards a practice of critical viewing.
Grading and Assignments:
Mid-term exam
?
20%
Tutorial participation and reports
?
10%
Final Examination
?
30%
Final Term Paper
?
40%
2
EI
0
CMNS 220-3, page 2
W.
.-
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF GENERAL REFERENCES:
Barnouw, Erik. Tube of Plenty: The Evolution of American
Television. London: Oxford University Press, 1977.
Bennett, Tony. Popular Television and Film: A Leader. London:
British Film Institute and Open University Press, 1981.
Fiske, John and John Hartley. Reading Television. London:
Methuen, 1978.
Gitlin, Todd. Inside Prime Time. New York: Pantheon, 1983.
Gitlin, Todd. Watching Television. New York: Pantheon, 1986.
Kaplan, E. Ann (ed.). Regarding Television: Critical
Approaches. Los Angeles: American Film Institute,
1983.
Halloran, J.D. (ed.). The Effects of Television. St.-Albans:
Panther, 1970.
MacCabe, Cohn (ed.) . High Theory/Low Culture: Analysing
Popular Television and Film. New York: St. Martin's
Press, 1986.
Masterman, Len (ed.) . Television Mythologies: Stars, and Signs.
London: Comedia, 1984.
Newcomb, Horace, (ed.). Television: The Critical View, 4th ed.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Postman, Neil. Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in
the Age of Show Business. New York: Penguin, 1985.
Williams, Raymond. Television: Technology and Cultural Form.
London: Fontana, 1974.
0-
?
SENATE COMMITTEE ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES ?
ASU 87-3
NEW COURSE PROPOSAL FORM'
1.
Calendar Information
?
Department:
Communication
Abbreviation Code:
CMNS
Course Number: 301
?
Credit Hours: 4 Vector004
Title of Course:
COMMUNICATION NETWORK RESEARCH
Calendar Description of Course:
Examines research in human communication/information networks. Topics
include communication networks in organizations, the diffusion of
innovations, social support networks, citation networks, and the
relation between networks and communication technology.
Nature of Course
?
Seminar
Prerequisites (or special instructions):
45
credit hours; CMNS 201 required; one of CMNS 302 or S.A.
355
required.
What course (courses), if any, is being dropped from the calendar if this course is
approved:
NONE
2.
Scheduling
Flow frequently will the course be offered?
?
once per year
Semester in which the course will first be offered?
?
1988-1
-
?
Which of your present faculty would be available to make the proposed offering
possible? ?
Richards
3.
Ohjectives of the Course
To examine the literature in the area of applied network research. To
observe the ways theory and applications come together in this research;
how advances in theory and methodology result in more powerful and
valuable research; and how the network perspective has been applied in
a range of practical situations.
4.
Budgetary and Space Requirements (for information only)
What additional resources will be required in the following areas:
F3cLII
ty
Staf
f
Library
Audio Visual
Space
Equipment
NONE
S. A
?
oval ?
Date:
Department Chairman
?
Dean ?
Chairman, SCUS
SCUS 73-34b: (When completing this form, for instructions see Memorandum SCUS 73-34a.
.-
CMNS 301-4: Communication Network Research
(a)
Calendar Description:
Examines research in human communication/information
networks. Topics include communication networks in
organizations, the diffusion of innovations, social
support networks, citation networks, and the relation
between networks and communication technology.
(b) Rationale:
Intermediate course in network analysis; part of three
course sequence.
(c)
Sample Outline: attached.
.-
(C)
Sample Course Outline.
CMNS 301-4
-- ?
COMMUNICATION NETWORK RESEARCH
This seminar examines research on communication networks.
A range of topics will be covered, ranging from the structure
of networks, the relation between the network and the
organization's environment, the people in the networks, the
relations that tie the people together. It draws upon the
material published in the Journal of the Acoustical Society
of America, Administrative Science Quarterly, the Journal of
Communication, Personnel Quarterly, and the Journal of Social
Networks.
Prerequisites: CMNS 201-3 required; 45 credit hours; one of
CMNS 302 or S.A. required.
Syllabus:
Week 1
?
Introduction.
Jablin, 1980.
Tichy, Tushman & Fombrun, 1979.
Richards, 1987.
Week 2 ?
Formal vs. Informal Networks.
Wickesberg, 1968.
Thompson, 1956.
Danowski, 1974.
Sutton & Porter, 1968.
Korfhage, 1974.
Week 3
?
Networks in Organizations: Vertical and Horizontal
Commmunicat ion.
Roberts, et al., 1973.
Roberts, et al., 1978.
Dubin & Spray, 1964.
Porter & Roberts, 1973.
Meyer, 1972.
Jacobson & Seashore, 1951.
Week 4
?
Work Dependencies.
Thomason, 1966.
Rosengren, 1967.
Tushrnan, 1979.
Initiation Patterns.
Webber, 1970.
Davis & Leinhardt, 1972.
Week 5
?
Performance.
Bavelas, 1952.
Zaitman, et al., 1973.
Allen & Cohen, 1969.
Schwab & Cummings, 1970.
.
.
CMNS 301-4, page 2
• ?
Week 6
?
Summary/Review of First
Five Weeks.
Week 7
?
People in Organizational Networks:
Liaisons.
Roberts & O'Reilly, 1974.
Jennings, 1960.
Schwartz, 1969.
Allen & Cohen, 1969.
Muchinsky, 1977.
Week 8
?
Managers and Coalitions.
Albrecht, 1985.
Thurman, 1979.
Status.
Klerniner & Sn
y
der, 1972.
Thomason, 1966.
Week 9
?
Quality of Relationship.
Eisenberg, et al., 1984.
Albrecht, 1984.
Lincoln & Miller, 1979.
Richards, 1985.
Killworth & Bernard, 1976.
Week 10
?
Relations Linking Individuals.
Foster & Horvath, 1971.
Granovetter, 1976.
Hallinan & Femlee, 1975.
Bernard & Killworth, 1975.
Isolates vs.
Week 11
?
The Social Context of Communication Networks.
Dill, 1958.
Rogers, 1987.
Richards, 1985.
Other Factors.
Pugh, et al., 1968.
Conrath, 1973.
Week 12
?
Summary/Review of Weeks 7 through 11.
Week 13
?
Overviews.
Redding, 1979.
Wiio, GoldJ-iaber & Yates, 1980.
Grading Profile:
1.2.3.
Term
Tutorial
Three
paper
short
participation
due
paperslast
?
week-of
?
semester
?
34%
33%
33%
3
CMNS 301-4, page 3
-- ?
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Allen, T. and S. Cohen, 1969. "Information Flow in Research and
Development Laboratories", Administrative Science
Quarterly, 14, 12-20.
Bavelas, Alex, 1950. "Communication Patterns in Task-Oriented
Groups", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 3
307-312.
Bernard, Russ and Peter Killworth, 1975. "Some Formal Properties
of Networks", ONR Technical Report.
Burns, T. and G. Stalker, 1961. The Management of Innovation.
London: Tavistock.
Conrath, David, 1973. "Communication Environment and its Relation
to Organizational Structure", Management Science, 20,
586-603.
Danowski, 1974. "An Information Processing Model of Organizations:
A Focus on Environmental Uncertainty and Communication
Network Structuring".
Davis, J.A. and S. Leinhardt, 1972. "The Structure of Positive
Interpersonal Relations in Small Groups", in J. Berger,
M.J. Zelditch and B. Anderson (eds.), Sociological
Theories in Progress, Vol. 2. New York: Houghton
Mifflin.
Dill, W.R., 1958. "Environment as an Influence on Managerial
Autonomy", Administrative Science Quarterly, 2, 409-443.
Dubin, R. and S. Spray, 1964. "Executive Behavior and Interaction",
Industrial Relations, 3, 99-108.
Eisenberg, G.E., P.R.
M
Onge and R.J. Farace, 1984. "Co-orientation
on Communication Rules in Managerial Dyads", Human
Communication Research, 11:2, 261-271.
Foster, C.C. and
W.J.
Horvath, 1971. "A Study of a Large Sociogram
III: Reciprocal Choice Possibilities as a Measure of
Social Distance", Behavioral Science, 16, 429-435.
Granovetter, Mark, 1976. "Strength of Weak Ties", American Journal
of Sociology, 78, 1360-1380.
Hallinan, M.
in
Jablin, F.,
An
in
and D. Femlee, 1975. "An Analysis of Intransitivity
Sociometric Data", Sociometry, 38, 195-212.
L980. "Organizational Communication Theory and Research:
Overview of Communication Climate and Network Research",
D. Nimo (ed.), Communication Yearbook 4,
pp.
327-347.
.4
.
.-
CMNS 301-4, page 4
Jacobson, E. .and S. Seashore, 1951. "Communication Practices
in Complex Organizations", Journal of Social Issues, 7,
28-40.
Jennings, H.B., 1960. "Sociometric Choice Process in Personality
and Group Formation", in J. Moreno (ed.), Sociometry
Reader. New York: Free Press.
Killworth, P. and R. Bernard, 1976. "Informant Accuracy in Social
Network Data", Human Organization, 35, 269-286.
Kiemmer, E. and F. Snyder, 1972. "Measurement of Time Spent
Communicating", Journal of Communication, 22, 142-158.
Korfhage, R.R., 1974. "Informal Communication of Scientific
Information", Journal of the American Society for
Information Science, 25, 25-32.
Leavitt, H.J., 1951. "Some Effects of Certain Communication Patterns
on Group Performance", Journal of Abnormal and Social
Psychology, 46, 38-50.
Lincoln, J.R. and J. Miller, 1979. "Work and Friendship Ties in
Organizations:
A
Lomparative Analysis of Relational
Networks", Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 181-199.
Meyer, A., 1972. "Size and Structure of Organizations: A Causal
Analysis", American Sociological Review, 37, 434-441.
Miles, R.H., 1980. Macro Organizational Behavior. Santa Monica:
Goodyear.
Muchinsky, P.M., 1977. "Organizational Communication: Relationships
to Organizational Climate and Job Satisfaction", Academy
of Management Journal, 20, 52-607.
Murray, S-Q. and R.C. Poolman, 1982. "Strong Ties and Scientific?
Literature", Social Networks, 4:3, 225-232.
Porter, L. and K.H. Roberts, 1973. "Communication in Organizations",
ONR Technical Report.
Pugh, D., D. Hickson, C. Hinnings and C. Turner, 1968. "Dimensions
of Organizational Structure", Administrative Science
Quarterly, 13, 65-104.
Redding, C., 1979. "Organizational Communication Theory and
Ideology: An Overview", in D. Nimo (ed.), Communication
Yearbook 3, pp. 309-341.
Richards, W.D., 1987. "Communication Networks in Organizations",
in Ferguson & Ferguson (eds.), Communication (in press).
5
CMNS 301-4, page 5
Roberts, K.H., et al.,:
1973. "Failures in Upward Communication",
Academy of Management Journal, 17, 205.
Roberts, K.H. and C.A. O'Reilly, 1974. "Organizational Theory and
Organizational Communication: A Communication Failure?",
Human Relations, 27, 501-524.
Roberts, K.H. and C.A. O'Reilly, 1978. "Organizations as
Communication Structures: An Empirical Approach",
Human Communication Research, 4, 283-293.
Rosengren, W.R., 1967. "Structure, Policy and Style: Strategies
of Organizational Control", Administrative Science
Quarterly, 12, 140-164.
Schwab, R. and S. Cummings, 1970. "Theories of Performance and
Satisfaction: A Review", Industrial Relations, 9, 408-430.
Schwartz, Donald, 1969. "Liaison Roles in the Communication Structure
of a Formal Organization: A Pilot Study", National
Society for the Study of Communication, Cleveland.
Sutton, H. and L. Porter, 1968. "A Study of the Grapevine in a
Governmental Organization", Personnel Psychology, 21,
223-230.
Thomason, G.F., 1966. "Managerial Work Roles and Relationships,
Part 1", Journal of Management Studies, 3, 270-284.
Thompson, J.D., 1956. "Authority and Power in 'Identical'
Organizations", American Journal of Sociology, 62, 290-301.
Thurman, D., 1979. "In the Office: Networks and Coalitions",
Social Networks, 2, 47-63.
Tichy, N., M. Tushrnan and C. Fombrun, 1979. "Social Network
Analysis for Organizations", Academy of Management
Review, 4, 507-519.
Tushman, M., 1979. "Work Characteristics and Subunit Communication
Structure: A Contingency Analysis", Administrative
Science Quarterly, 24, 82-97.
Webber, R., 1970. "Perceptions of Interactions between Superiors
and Subordinates", Human Relations, 23, 235-248.
Weick, K., 1969. The Social Psychology of Organizing. Reading:
Addison-Wesley-
Weiss, R.W. and E.H. Jacobson, 1960. "Structure of Complex
- ?
Organizations", in J. Moreno (ed.), Sociometry Reader.
New York: Free Press,
pp.
522-533.
?
is
6
S ?
4
CMNS 301-4, page 6
Wickesberg, A.K., 1968. "Communication Networks in the Business
Organization Structure", Academy of Management Journal, 11,
253-262.
Wiio, 0., G. Goidhaber and M. Yates, 1980. "Organizational
Communication Research: Time for Reflection?", in D. Nimo
(ed.), Communication Yearbook 4,
pp.
83-97.
Zaenglein, M.M. and C. Smith, 1972. "An Analysis of Individual
Communication Patterns and Perceptions in Hospital
Organizations", Human Relations, 25, 493-504.
0-
ASU 87-3
SENATE COMMITTEE ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES
?
NEW COURSE PROPOSAL FORM
1.
Calendar Information ?
Department:
Communication
Abbreviation Code: CMNS Course Number:
302
?
Credit Hours:4 Vector:
2-0-4
Title of Course:
COMMUNICATION
NETWORK RESEARCH METHODS
Calendar Description of Course:
This course examines the theory and methods used in communication
network research.
Nature of Course
?
Lecture/laboratàry
Prerequisites (or special instructions):
or
CMNS
equivalent).
201; an introductory Statistics course (PSYC 210, MATH 101, MATH 102,
What course (courses), if any, is being dropped from the calendar if this course is
approved: ?
CMNS 360-4.
2. Scheduling
Flow frequently will the course be offered9
?
once per year.
Smester in which the course will first be offered?
?
Spring 1989.
Which of your present faculty would be available to make the proposed offering
possible?
Richards
3.
Objectives of the Course
To provide the necessary background for students to be able to carry
out specialized research in the study of communication networks.
4.
Budgetary and Space Requirements (for information only)
What additional resources will be required in the following areas:
Faculty ?
NONE
Stall ?
NONE (Microcomputer lab will require some support).
Library ?
NONE
Audio Visual
NONE
Space
Equipmen
?
j)
)
Currently
separate facility
,
this course
will
shares
be required.
lab with others; eventually a
n
S. Approval
1pQ
Departmen Chairman
Dean
?
Chairman,
____
S US
.
SCUS 73-34b: (When completing this form, for instructions see Memorandum SCUS 73-34a.
aitach course outline)..
0 ?
CMNS 302-4: Communication Network Research Methods
(a)
Calendar Description:
This course examines the theory and methods used in
communication research.
(b) Rationale:
Course content is presently being covered in CMNS 360-4.
New course represents curriculum rationalization, creating
a specialized communications methods course to replace a
general methods course.
(c)
Sample Outline: attached.
S
W.
(C)
Sample Course Outline.
C1'vINS 302-4
COMMUNICATION NETWORK RESEARCH METHODS
Network research is the study of the patterns of relationships, usually among people in organizations,
communities, social groups or professions. It is used, for example, in large organizations to identify
proglems with the flow of information and to promote effective communication, but it can also be used to
facilitate the transmission of information about new technologies or other matters between communities or
from one group to another.
This
401-4.
course
It is designed
is designed
to acquaint
to complement
students
CMNS
with the
201-3,
methods
and CMNS
of network
301-4,
research.
and is a prerequisite for CMNS
equivalent).
Prerequisite:
CMNS 201-3;
an introductory Statistics course
(PSYC 210,
MATH 101, MATH 102, or
Week ?
Topics ?
Readings
(B=Babbie)
SECTION A. THE LOGIC OF NETWORK RESEARCH
1 ?
Introduction to Network Research B
pp.
1-47, 449-462, 472-477.
2 ?
Causation and Correlation
?
B
pp.,
49-66
3-4 ?
Research Design: Network Studies
?
B
pp.
70-09;
WDR #1
SECTION B. MEASUREMENT
5 ?
zation
Conceptulization
in Network
and
Studies
Operationali-
?
B.pp.
101-138
6 ?
Network Measurement ?
WDR
#2
7 ?
Sampling ?
B
pp.
140-180
8 ?
Survey Research
?
B
pp.
208-242
9
?
Examples of Network Analysis Studies
SECTION C. ANALYSIS OF DATA
10
?
Quantifying Data about Networks
?
B
pp.
328-359, 478-483.
11
?
Useful Statistics for Network Analysis
?
B
pp.
406-327, WDR #3
12 ?
Analysis and Interpretation of Results
?
WDR
#4
13
?
Summary and Final Presentations and Review
El
CMNS 302-4, page 2
REQUIRED READINGS
Richards, W.D. "Network Analysis: Research Design"
"Measurement in network research"
"Useful statistics for network analysis"
"Issues of Interpretation"
Babble, Earl, The Practice of Social Research (4th ed.) Belmont, California: Wadsworth, 1986
Grading:
Research
Research
Final
Section
ExaminationquizzesProject:
Project;
presentationsFinal
report
25%
30%
30%
15%
.
0-
U
ASU 87-3
SENATE COMMITTEE ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES
?
NEW
COURSE PROPOSAL FORM
1.
Calendar Information ?
Department:
Communication
Abbreviation Code:MNS Course Number:_______
?
Credit Hours: ' Vector:
2-2-0
Title of Course:
CULTURAL POLICY.
Calendar Description of Course:
An analysis of the various facets of the cultural arts -- film, video,
art including photography, theatre and dance -- concentrating
primarily on the policies and laws affecting them.
Nature of Course
Lecture/Tutorial.
Prerequisites (or special instructions):
CMNS
230 or permission of the instructor.
What course (courses), if any, is being dropped from the calendar if this course is
approved: NONE
2. Scheduling
How frequently will the course be offered?
once per year.
Semester in which the course will first be offered?
Fall 1988 or Spring 1989
Which of your present faculty would be available to make the proposed offering
possible?
Beale
3.
Objectives of the Course
The proposed course parallels existing courses on broadcasting policy, te1eccununi-
cations regulation and book publishing. it focusses on the various arts and upon
federal and provincial policies with respect to them, providing both a useful basis
for comparison of different areas of cczrrnunication and a cxinplerrent to courses
about the arts.
4. Biidgetaryand
_Space Requirements (for information only)
What additional resources will he required in the following areas:
Faculty
Stiff ?
)
Library
Audio Visual
?
NONE
Space
Equipment
.
Date : -
Ce
?
.
Department Chairman
?
Dean
?
Chairman, SCUS
5(2115 73-34b: (When completing this form, for instructions see Memorandum SCUS 73-34a.
attach course outline).
0
?
CMNS 334-4: Cultural Policy
(a)
Calendar Description:
An analysis of the various facets of the cultural arts --
film, video, art including photography, theatre and dance --
concentrating primarily on the policies and laws affecting
them.
(b) Rationale:
This course supplements and complements offerings in
Communication policy, and provides an opportunity to
explore the various definitions of "culture" that are used
by institutions and governments and in discussions of
cultural issues when dealing with the arts.
(c)
Sample Outline: attached.
.
O
(c) Sample Course Outline.
MNS
334-4
CULTURAL POLICY
The Canadian Conference of the Arts publication A Little
App
lebert (1983), posed one of the key questions that this course
will address: How far is it reasonable to expect government to
deal with culture in terms of its own values, cultural values,
rather than as an instrument for other ends? This question
expresses a basic dilemma of Canadian cultural policy, which has
to contend with priorities that are, as often as not, established
outside the domain of cultural production itself. This course
will look at specific policies developed with regard to various
aspects of cultural production.
Unfortunately, broadcasting is often conceived as the only way of
intervening in Canadian culture. The arts, video and film
included, are more often seen as fitting into one of two
complementary policy areas:
?
the multicultural heritage or the
fine arts "high" cultural tradition.
?
In both cases, their
marginality is usually taken for granted.
?
They are seen as
?
necessary but potentially less effective in creating a sense of a
common culture than broadcasting. This view is increasingly
being challenged, particularly by the cultural producers who feel
that distribution (and policies promoting it) is as serious a
problem as creating arts.
At the present time, given the free-trade debate, the constitu-
tional accord and the lobbying campaigns launched by cultural
producers, it is particularly important to examine the ways in
which cultural goods are produced, disseminated and regulated.
Week-by-Week Outline:
PART ONE: INTRODUCTION.
1.
Introduction to cultural policies in Canada.
2.
Federal, provincial and local institutions affecting
cultural policy, some historical perspectives, questions of
consultation and accountability.
3.
Cultural funding: Sources and priorities.
PART TWO: SECTOR BY SECTOR EXAMINATION OF VARIOUS ARTS IN TERMS OF
POLICIES, FUNDING FOR CREATION, CONSERVATION AND
DISTRIBUTION.
4.
Fine (plastic) arts, including photography.
5. Publishing.
6.
Theatre and Dance.
7. Cinema.
8.
Music (performance)
9.
Music (recordings)
2
CMNS 334-4, page 2
• ?
PART THREE: ISSUES IN CULTURAL POLICY IN CANADA AND INTERNATIONALLY.
10.
National policies.
11. International issues.
12.
Copyright and the Changing technologies of cultural
reproduction.
13. Summary.
Grading: ?
Midterm exam
?
30%
Final
Final paper
paper:
?
report in tutorial
?
50%
20%
Readings:
Due to time constraints this is only a short bibliography of some
recent Canadian policy publications. it does not include many
non-government publications or represent the literature on
regional, local, or international cultural issues to be found in
official documents. Neither does it represent the many cultural
and academic publications devoted to these questions.
Biggs, Karen. Public In
q
uiries on Broadcasting and Cultural
Policy in Canada 1928-1982, M.A. Thesis, McGill
University, 1984.
Canada. Task Force on Broadcasting Policy. Ottawa, Ministry of
Supply and Services, 1986.
• ?
Canada. Department of Communications. Culture and
Communications: Key elements of Canada's Economic
Future, 1983.
Canada. Department of Communications. Re
port
of The Federal
Cultural Policy Review Committee, 1982.
Canada. Department of Communications, Research and Statistics
Directorate, Arts and Culture Sector. A Guide to Arts
and Culture Studies and Re
ports,
1981
Globerman, Steven. Cultural Re
g
ulation in Canada, Institute for
Research on Public Policy, Montreal, 1983.
Roberts, Lance W. and R.A. Clifton. "Exploring the Ideology of
Canadian
Multiculturalism",
Canadian Public Policy, 8
(Winter 1982), 88-94.
Wallin, D. The Arts in Canada Today and Tomorrow, (papers of
the 45th Couchiching Conference), Toronto: Yorkmirister
Publishing, 1976.
Whalley, John and Roderick Hill, (eds) Canada-U.S. Free-Trade,
The Collected Studies of the Royal Commission on
Economic Union and Development Pros
p
ects for Canada.
Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1982.
0-
ASU 87-3
SENATE COMMITTEE ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES
?
NEW COURSE PROPOSAL FORM
1.
Calendar Information ?
Department:
Communication
Abbreviation Code:
CMNS
Course Number:
-
335
?
Credit Hours:4 ?
Vector:
2-2-0
Title of Course: ?
THE NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY AND PRESS POLICY IN CANADA.
Calendar Description of Course:
An analysis of the various facets of the Canadian newspaper industry,
and of policies and laws that affect the press.
Nature of Course ?
Lecture/Tutorial.
Prerequisites (or special instructions):
CMNS 230 recommended.
What course (courses), if any, is being dropped from the calendar if this course Is
approved:
NONE
2.
Scheduling
flow frequently will the course be offered? ?
Once per year.
Semester in which the course will first be offered?
Fall 1988 or Spring 1989.
Which of your present faculty would be available to make the proposed offering
possible?
Hackett; Lorimer.
3. Objectives of the Course
The proposed course parallels existing communication courses on broadcasting policy,
telecommunications regulation, and book publishing in Canada. By focussing on a
media industry which is non-regulated and falls outside the purview of federal
cultural policy, it provides a useful basis for comparison. Also, it aims to
provide students with an overview of one of the oldest and most important of the
media industries, as well as State policy affecting it.
4.
Budgetary and Space Requirements (for information only)
Whit additional resources will be required in the following areas:
Faculty ?
NONE
Staff ?
NONE
Library ?
A few photocopies of several journal articles and/or conference papers.
Audio Visual
NONE
Space
?
NONE
Equipment ?
NONE
S.
Date
Department Chairman
?
Dean
?
Chairman, SCUS
?
.
.
n
SCUS 73-34b: (When completing this form, for instructions see Memorandum SC1JS 73-34a.
attach course outline).
0 ?
CMNS 335-4: The Newspaper Industry and Press Policy in Canada
(a)
Calendar Description:
An analysis of the various facets of the Canadian newspaper
industry, and of policies and laws that affect the press.
(b)
Rationale:
Course extends offerings in "policy" stream by providing
material on a critical medium and policies related to it.
(C)
Sample Outline: attached.
0-
C
(c) Sample Course
Outline.
CMNS 335-4
THE NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY AND PRESS POLICY IN CANADA
Course Objectives:
By the end of the course, students should have acquired a greater
appreciation of the following themes:
1.
The historically evolving roles of the newspaper industry in
Canadian society and politics.
2.
The interaction between the economic structure (including
ownership) of newspapers as an industry, on the one hand,
and the editorial quality and performance of newspapers as a
Political institution (the "press") on the other hand.
3.
The range of State laws and policies which affect the
economic and editorial functioning of the press, as well as
some of the factors which shape those laws and policies.
4.
Possible policy alternatives and/or structural reforms for
the newspaper industry.
Students who have taken other courses on communications policy
and media industries will find it useful to compare newspapers,
as a (relatively) non-regulated industry, with broadcasting and
tel
ecommunications as regulated industries. Similarly, they will
be able to raise questions about why book publishing, for
example, falls within the purview of federal cultural policy,
whereas newspapers do not.
Assignments and Grading:
10% Tutorial attendance and participation.
25% Tutorial presentation and paper (approximate length, 1500
words) on a topic to be chosen from a list distributed in
class.
40% Term paper, on a topic to be selected by the student and
approved by the instructor. Suggested length: 3000 words.
25% Final course paper, on one of several questions assigned by
the instructor, and intended to demonstrate a general
knowledge
?
of ?
the ?
required ?
readings
?
and ?
lectures.
Approximate length, 1500 words.
.
....2
CMNS 335-4, page 2
0
?
Course Readings:
Two basic texts will be ordered by the SFU Bookstore and placed
on Library Reserve:
Royal Commission
1981)
on Newspapers (Kent Commission), Re
p
ort (Ottawa,
Arthur Siegel, Politics and the Media in Canada (Toronto:
McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1983)
In addition to them, some other selections are required reading
and will be placed on Library Reserve, along with other materials
which will be useful for course assignments. A list of
supplementary readings will be distributed in class.
Lecture Topics and Reading List:
Week 1
?
Introduction to the course.
Week 2
?
Historical Development of Canada's Press System.
Siegel, Ch. 5, pp. 84-97.
Paul Rutherford, The Making of the Canadian Media
(Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1978),
Ch. 1-2,
pp.
1-76.
Week 3
?
Society, politics and the press.
Readings:
Siegel, Ch. 2,
pp.
13-36.
Kent Commission, Ch. 2 and 8,
pp
.
21-40,
135-146.
Frederick Elkin, "Communications Media and Identity
Formation in Canada", in
.
Benjamin D. Singer
(ed.), Communications in Canadian Society
pp.
(Toronto: Copp Clark, 1975),
?
229-243.
Weeks
?
The structure and performance of the newspaper
4-6
?
industry.
- ownership.
- circulation, advertising and Profitability.
- the organization of news production.
- editorial quality and performance.
- weeklies, special interest, and alternative press.
Readings:
Paul Audley, Canada's Cultural Industries (Toronto:
Lorimer, 1983), Ch. 1, pp. 7-53.
Kent Commission, Ch. 1, 4-10, pp. 1-20, 63-180.
Siegel, Ch. 6, pp. 98-134.
3
CMNS 335-4, page 3
Week 7 ?
New technology and the newspaper industry.
- computers in the newsroom.
- computers and satellite communications.
- videotex.
Readings:
Kent Commission, Ch. 11-12,
pp.
181-214.
Weeks ?
Press policy? Relevant laws and policies.
8-9
?
- an overview of public policy process and institutions
in Canada.
- laws/policies affecting economic structure and
ownership.
- laws/policies affecting editorial content (libel,
etc.)
- Press councils: a model for self-regulation?
Readings:
Kent Commission, Ch. 3,
pp.
41-62.
Siegel, Ch. 3-4,
pp.
37-83.
S. Cunningham, "Press Councils in Canada", paper
presented to the Canadian Communication
Association, Montreal, 1987.
D. Clift, "Press Councils and Ombudsmen", in Kent
Commission
Journalists,
Research
pp.
137-161.
Study, Vol. 2, The
Week 10
?
How is policy made? The Kent Report as a case study in
press (non-)policy.
Readings:
Kent Commission, Foreword, Ch. 13-14, Appendix II,
?
pp. xi-xii, 215-255, 259-260.
Siegel, Ch. 7,
pp.
135-150.
R. Samarajiwa and K. Kopinak, reviews of Kent Report in
Studies in Political Economy, 12 (Fall 1983),
pp.
125-134, 143-152.
Tim Creery, "Kent Proposes: Ottawa Disposes", paper
presented to the Canadian Communication
Association, Ottawa, 1982.
Tim Creery, "Out of Commission", R
y
erson Review of
Journalism (Spring 1984),
pp.
7-8.
Tom Kent, "The Commission Revisited", Content (Sept./
Oct. 1984),
pp.
2-3.
Keith Davey, "Newspapers Jolted into Hysteria", Globe
and Mail, 16 September 1981.
41
CMNS 335-4, page 4
.-
Week 11
?
The international context: global news agencies and
?
the "New World Information Order" debate.
Readings:
Gertrude J. Robinson, News A
g
encies and World News
(Switzerland: University of Fribourg Press,
1981), Part III: "The Canadian Press Agency
and World News".
Week 12
?
Alternative policies? An comparative overview of press
policies in other liberal-democracies.
Readings:
P. Edgar and S. Rahim (eds.), Communication Policy in
Developed Countries (London: Kegan Paul
International, 1983), selected excerpts.
Week 13
?
Summary and review.
..
Supp
lementary Readings: A Preliminary List
Bagdikian, Ben H., The Media Monopoly (Boston: Beacon, 1983)
Black, Edwin R., Politics and the News (Toronto: Butterworths,
1982)
Boyce, George, et al. (eds.), News
p
aper History: From the 17th
Century to the Present
p ?
(London: Constable, 1978)
Bruner, Arnold,
Search,
"Freedom
Vol. 8,
and
No.
the
2 (Winter
Electronic
1981),
Newspaper",
pp.
4-10,
In
26.
Canada, Royal Commission on Newspapers (Kent Commission),
Research Studies on the
N
ewsp
a p
er-Industry, esp.
Vol. 3, W. Tarnopolsky, et al., Newspapers and the Law;
Vol. 4, E. Hallman, et al., The Newspaper as a
Business; Vol. 6, C. Cumming, et al., Canadian News
Services; Vol. 7, F. Fletcher, The News
p
aper and Public
Affairs; Vol. 8, P. Desbarats, News
papers
and
Computers: An Industry in Transition.
Canada, Special Senate Committee on Mass Media (Davey Committee),
Re
p
ort, Vol. 1, Part III,
pp.
81-133; Vol. 2, Part I,
"Concentration", and Part II, esp. section on "The
Print Industry"; Vol. 3,
pp.
187-207.
Clement, Wallace, The Canadian Cor
p
orate Elite (Toronto:
McClelland and Stewart, 1975), Ch. 7-9.
0"'
?
5
Curran,
C MN
S335
.
James
4,.
page
(ed.),
5
?
The British Press: A Manifesto (London:
.
Macmillan,
1978)
Kesterton, Wildred H., A History of Journalism in Canada
(Toronto: McClelland and Stewart,
1967)
Kesterton, Wilfred H., The Law and the Press in Canada (Toronto:
McClelland and Stewart,
1976)
McPhail, T.L.,, The Future of the Dail
y
Newspaper (IRPP, Working
Paper,
1980)
Righter, Rosemary, Whose News? Politics, the Press and the Third
World (London: Burnett Books,
1978)
Smith, Anthony, Goodbye Gutenberg: The Newspaper Revolution of
the
1980s
(Oxford University Press,
1980)
Stewart, Walter (ed.), Canadian Newspapers: The Inside Story
(Edmonton: Hurtig,
1980).
Turow, Joseph, Media Industries: The Production of News and
?
Entertainment (New York: Longman,
1984)
Zwicker, Barry and Dick MacDonald (eds.), The News:
Inside the
Canadian Media (Ottawa: Deneau,
1981) .
?
0
!1
0
1. Calendar Information
Abbreviation Code:
CMNS
Course Number: 342
Department: COMMUNICATION ?
Credit Hours:
_4
Vector: 2-0-2
.
ASU 87-3
SENATE COMMITTEE ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES
NEW COURSE PROPOSAL FORM
..
Title of Course: Public Science
Polic y
T
?
Risk Comjnijnj-tjon
Calendar Description of Course:
The course examines communication in the relation between science
(technology) and public policy, and more particularly, in the evaluation
of risk.
Nature of Course
Lecture/Seminar
Prerequisites (or special instructions):
CMNS 361 strongly recommended.
What course (courses), if any, is being dropped from the calendar if this course is
approved:
NONE
2. Scheduling
how frequently will the course be offered?
?
Once yearly.
Semester in which the course will first be offered?
Fall 1988.
Which of your present faculty would be available to make the proposed offering
possible?
Leiss; Salter.
3.
Objectives of the Course
1.
To draw upon a major research component of the Department and provide
students with opportunities related to it.
2.
To provide an examination of a major aspect of the relation between
science (and technology) and public policy.
3.
To draw upon SFU's unique expertise in a new and growing field.
4.
Biidetaryand_pace Requirements (for information only)
What additional resources will he required in the following areas:
0-
Faculty
Staff
Library
Audio Visual ?
NONE.
Space
Equipment
5. Apjroval?
Date:
Department Chairman
Dean
?
Chairman, SCUS
SCIIS
73-34b:
(When completing this form, for instructions see Memorandum SCUS 73-34a.
attach course outline).
CMNS 342-4:
Public Science Policy I: Risk Communication
(a) Calendar Description:
The course examines
science (technology)
in the evaluation of
communication in the relation between
and public policy, and more particularly,
risk.
(b)
Rationale:
The course draws upon an area of the Department's expertise,
and a growing public, governmental and industry interest in
how information from experts, government, and public interest
groups can be brought together in the design of public
policies. The focus is on the communication among these
groups and the uses of information to inform, persuade and
analyze problems in the setting of public policy.
Although
the field of risk communication is a new one, there is now
a journal in the field and a substantial literature. Students
taking this course gain knowledge related to public information
activities connected with scientific and technical decision-
making in government, industry and public interest groups.
(c)
Sample Outline: attached.
(c) Sample Course Outline.
CMNS 342-4
...
?
Public Science Polic
y
I: ?
Risk C'mmujcatjon
This course examines the public discourse about the assessment and
management of environmental risks, which is one of the key domains in which
the concerns of science and public policy are merged in contemporary society.
It focusses on the "dialogue" between the technical assessment of hazards by
scientific and other experts, on the one hand, and on the other, the perception of
risks by the public and the management of those risks by decision makers who
are ultimately answerable to the public. It identifies three distinct sectors --
industry, government, and general-interest participants such as the media --
whose interactions set up the communicative patterns in the discourse on risk
which will be examined in detail.
List of TopJc
..
1.
Overview of the Risk Area
2.
Elements of Risk Communication Processes
3.
The "Expert Sphere"
4.
The "Public Sphere"
5.
Risk Communication Patterns: Industry Sector
6.
Patterns: Government Sector
7.
Patterns: General-Interest Sector
8.
Risk Information: Source Problems
9.
Risk Information: Channel Problems
10.
Risk Information: Receiver Problems
11.
Risk Information: Message Problems
12.
Improving Risk Communication in Canada
ener
p
l Approach
Key readings will be analyzed in lecture and seminar sessions; these will
include both academic research studies and policy documents. This is a policy-
oriented course, however, and each student will be expected to choose a
current risk communication problem for intensive documentary research.
EVALUATION:
Mid-term Examination ?
50%
Documentary Research Project
?
50%
REQUIRED READINGS:
Brickman, R., et al., Controlling Chemicals. Cornell Univ. Press, 1985.
.
?
Douglas, N. and A. Wildavsky, Risk and Culture. Univ. of California
Press, 1982.
Salter, L., Mandated Science. D. Reidel, 1987.
2
CMNS 342-4, page 2
LIST OF REFERENCES
BARAM, MICHAEL S. "Chemical Industry Accidents, Liability, and Com-
munity Right to Know," American Journal of Public
Health, vol. 76, no. 5 (May 1986), PP
.
568-572. [1986a]
BARAM, MICHAEL S. "The Right to Know and the Duty to Disclose
Hazard Information," American Journal of Public Health,
vol. 74, no. 4 (April 1984),
pp.
385-390.
BARAM, MICHAEL S. "Risk Communication and the Law for Chronic Health
and Environmental Hazards," The Environmental Professional,
vol. 8 (1986), pp. 165-178. [1986b]
BRICKMAN, RONALD, Sheila Jasanoff and Thomas Ilgen. Controlling Chem-
icals: The Politics of Regulation in Europe and the United
States (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1985.
COVELLO, VINCENT, Detlof von Winterfeldt, and Paul Slovic. "Risk Communi-
cation: An Assessment of the Literature on Communicating
Information about Health, Safety and Environmental Risks," Draft
Preliminary Report to the Environmental Protection Agency. Los
Angeles: Institute of Safety and Systems Management, 31 pp.,
January 11, 1986.
FISCHOFF, BARUCH, Paul Slovic and Sarah Lichtenstein. "The Public' vs. 'The
Experts': Perceived vs. Actual Disagreements about Risks." In:
The Analysis of Actual versus Perceived Risks, ed. Vincent
Covello et. al. (New York: Plenum Press, 1983), pp. 235-249.
GRIMA, A.P., P. Timmerman, C. D. Fowle and P. Byer. "Risk Management
and EIA: Research Needs and Opportunities," Canadian
Environmental Assessment Research Council, Ottawa, 1986.
HEALTH AND WELFARE CANADA -Bureau of Chemical Hazards, Environmental
Health Directorate, Health Protection Branch: "Risk Assessment]
Risk Management: A Handbook for use within the
Bureau of Chemical Hazards" (compiled by Patricia Birkwood),
17pp., July 1986.
KENNEDY, KAREN, "Position Paper on Public Participation," Health Protection
Branch, Health and Welfare Canada, 15pp., February 1984.
KREWSKI, DANIEL and Patricia Birkwood. "Risk Assessment and Risk
Management," Risk Abstracts, forthcoming 1987.
3
CMNS 342-4, pagej3
• ?
List of References
LEISS, WILLIAM.
"The Risk Management Process," Working Paper,
Pesticides Directorate, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, 1985.
LEVY, EDWIN.
"The Swedish Studies of Pesticide Exposure and Cancer: A
Case-Study on the Two Fronts of Disciplinary and Mandated
Science," unpublished paper, 64
pp. ,
1987.
MAZUR, ALLAN.
"The Journalists and Technology: Reporting about Love
Canal and Three Mile Island," Minerva, vol. 22 (1984),
pp.
45-66.
MCGEE, ANN B. AND EDWIN LEVY.
"Herbicide Use in Forestry: Communication and
?
Information Gaps," unpublished paper, 32pp., 1987.
O'HARE, MICHAEL.
"Improving the Use of Information in Environmental Decision
Making," Environmental Impact Assessment Review, vol. 1,
no. 3 (1980),
pp.
229-250.
SALTER, LIORA.
Mandated Science: Science and Scientists in the Making
of Public Policy. Amsterdam: D. Reidel, forthcoming 1987.
• ?
SALTER, LIORA.
"Observations on the Politics of Risk Assessment: The
Captan Case," Canadian Public Policy, vol. Xl, no. 1 (1985),
pp.
64-76.
SALTER, LIORA.
"Standards and Peer Review in Canada," Science.
TechnoloQy and Human Values, vol. 10, no. 4 (1985),
pp.
37-46.
SHANNON, CLAUDE E. AND WARREN WEAVER.
The Mathematical Theor
y
of
Communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1949.
SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS.
Committee on Definitions, "Draft Paper on Risk
Definitions" and "Draft Glossary," June 1986.
VERTINSKY, ILAN
and Patricia Vertinsky. "Communicating Environmental Health
Risk Assessment and Other Risk Information: Analysis of
Strategies," in: H. Kunruther (ed.), Risk: A Seminar Series
(Luxemburg: IIASA, 1982),
pp.
421-482.
VARIOUS.
Symposium on Public Policy towards Risk. Policy Studies Review,
vol. 1, no. 4 (May 1982),
pp.
651-747.
.
5
CMNS 342-4, page
I9
List of References
VARIOUS.
National Conference on Risk Communication, Washington, D.C.,
January 1986.
NOTE: THERE IS AN EXTENSIVE LITERATURE ON "PERCEIVED RISK" OR "RISK
PERCEPTION AND ACCEPTANCE," THE CONTENTS OF WHICH ARE DIRECTLY RELEVANT
TO
THE CONCEPT
OF
RISK COMMUNICATION. ONE TITLE IS LISTED BELOW FOR
ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES.
VINCENT COVELLO ET. AL. (eds.),
The Analysis of Actual versus Perceived
Risks (New York: Plenum Press, 1983).
.
C
C
SENATE COMMITTEE ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES
NEW COURSE PROPOSAL FORM
1. Calendar Information ?
Department:aTrnurLicatiOn
Abbreviation Code: CMS Course Number:442
?
Credit Hours:4
?
Vector: 2-0-2
Title of Course: Public Science Polic
y
II: Standards
Calendar Description of Course:
It examine the origination, implementation and enforcement of standards. Standards
to
be examined include: catTnunication standards, standards
used
in risk evaluation
of
environmental and occupational hazards and standards
used
in technology assessment.
Nature of Course Lecture/Seninar.
Prerequisites (or special instructions):
GINS
361.
GINS
342 strongly recuiirnended.
What course (courses), if any, is being dropped from the calendar if this course is
approved:
2.
Scheduling
Flow frequently will the course be offered?
?
Initially every
two
years.
Semester in which the course will first be offered?
?
Fall 1989.
Which of your present faculty would be available to make the proposed offering
.-
?
possible?
?
Salter (Leiss or alternate).
3.
Objectives of the Course
To
take advantage
of
the research expertise in the Department
of
Cawnunication,
especially since this expertise is unique
to SFU. To
provide an opportunity
to
extend the study
of
science and
public policy by
the use
of
aparticular case.
To
add to the resources for students studying nmunication
policy.
4.
Budgetary and Space Requirements (for information only)
What additional resources will he required in the following areas:
Faculty
)
Statf ?
)
1. ibrary
)
Audio Visual
?
NONE.
Space
)
Equipment
S.
Date:
.-
?
Department Chairman
?
Dean
?
Chairman, SCUS
C
SCLJS 73-34b: (When completing this form, for Instructions see Memorandum SCUS 73-34a.
attach course outline).
CMNS 442-4:
Public Science Policy II: Standards
?
.
(a) Calendar Description:
To examine the origination,
of standards. Standards to
standards, standards used in
and occupational hazards and
assessment.
implementation and enforcement
be examined include: communication
risk evaluation of environmental
standards used in technology
(b)
Rationale:
The course is designed to take advantage of an area of the
Department's expertise, unique to Simon Fraser, and to bring
the Department closer to an emphasis on technology and
applied sciences. Students interested in Communication
policy will gain an understanding of a phenomenon, standards,
critical to policy decisions but often neglected in the
analysis of policy issues. Students interested in the
relationship between science (technology) and public policy,
from the Department of Communication or any other, will find
the study of standards an important and useful case study
of this relationship.
(c)
Sample Outline: attached.
.
0
(c) Sample Course Outline.
.
CMNS 442-4
1
STANDARDS AND STANDARD SETTING
This course examines standards -- the numbers used for
determining acceptable performance of technologies. it includes
a study of the origination of standards at the local, provincial,
national and international levels. It also includes an
examination of the implementation and enforcement of standards.
The case studies to be discussed in class are: broadcasting
standards, communication standards, occupational health and
safety standards and environmental standards. Legal, policy,
economic and social aspects of standards will be discussed in
each case study.
Questions of standards are highly controversial at this
time. Should regulatory standards be used, or should governments
depend upon voluntary codes and self-regulation? How should
national and economic interests in standard setting be balanced
against public (i.e., health) and consumer interests?
?
How do
standards affect industrial development and trade? These
questions will be addressed through discussions in the seminars
accompanying the lectures.
•,
-.
?
__
Outline:
Week 1: What are standards'?
Week 2: The standards organizations.
Week 3: Broadcasting standards.
Week 4: Broadcasting standards.
Week 5: Communication standards.
Week 6: Communication standards.
Week 7: Communication standards.
Week 8: Occupational health and safety standards.
Week 9: Occupational health and safety standards.
Week 10: Environmental standards.
Week 11: Environmental standards.
Week 12: Environmental standards.
Week 13: Regulation and deregulation.
Grading and Assignments:
Students will be expected to choose a case study of their
own and to conduct primary document research. Often this will
involve correspondence with standards organizations and an inter-
library search for material not likely to be found in the SFU
Library. For this reason, CMNS 361-4 is a prerequisite.
•
2
CMNS 442-4, page 2
.
Grading: Preparation of Case
Short Seminar Paper
issues related
Take-home Exam
Study ?
60%
(5-7 pages) on
to standards ?
15%
25%
Required Readings:
Salter, L., Mandated Science: The Role of Science and Scientists
in the Creation of Standards. D. Reidel, 1987.
Recommended Readings:
Brock, Gerald, "Competition, Standards and Self-Regulation in
the Computer Industry", in R. Caves and M. Roberts (eds.)
Regulating the Product. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger
Publishing Co., 1975.
The Canadian Computer/Communications Task Force, Standards.
Ottawa: Information Canada, 1974. Background Paper
No. 13, prepared by the CCC/TF, Ottawa, August 1972.
Codding, Jr., George A. and Anthony M. Rutkowski, The International
Telecommunications Union in a Changing World. Dedham,
Mass.: Artech House, 1992.
?
0
Dordis, Rachel, "Cost Benefit Analysis of Consumer Product Safety
Standards", The Journal of Consumer Affairs, Summer 1977.
Hemenway, David, Industrywide Voluntary Products Standards.
Cambridge: Ballinger Publishing Co., 1975.
International Labour Organization, International Labour Standards:
A Workers' Education Manual. Geneva: International
Labour Office, 1982.
Kaidanovsky, Samuel P., Consumer Standards. Washington: United
States Government Publishing Office, 1941. Monograph
No. 24 of a study made under the auspices of the Dept.
of Agriculture for the Temporary National Economic
Committee, 76th Congress, 3rd Session, with respect to
the concentration of economic power in, and financial
control over, production and distribution of goods and
services.
Lecraw, D.J., Voluntary Standards as a Re
q ulator y
Device. Ottawa:
Economic Council of Canada, July 1981. Working Paper
No. 23.
Legget, S.M., Standards in Canada. Ottawa: Information Canada,
December 1970.
?
0
3
CMNS 442-4, page 3
• ?
Leland, Hayne, "Minimum Quality Standards and Licensing in
Markets with Asymmetric Information", in S. Rottenberg
(ed.), Occupational Licensure and Regulation.
Washington: American Enterprise Institute, 1979.
Nelson, Phillip, "Information and Consumer Behavior", Journal of
Political Economy, April 1970.
Parkinson, Thomas, "The Role of Seals and Certifications of
Approval in Consumer Decision-Making", Journal of
Consumer Affairs, Summer 1975.
Peiser, H. Stephen and John A. Birch, Standardization in Support
of Development. Washington: US Government Publishing
Office, 1978.
Salter, Liora, et al., Mandated Science. Dordrecht: D. Reidel
Publishing Company, 1987.
United Nations, Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs, Industrial
Standardization in Developing Countries. New York:
United Nations, 1964.
United Nations, The Promotion of Industrial Standardization in
Developing Countries. New York: United Nations, 1966.
. ?
United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Standardization.
New York: United Nations, 1969. Monograph No. 12 of
the UNIDO monographs on Industrial Development.
Verman, Lal C., Standardization: A New Discipline. Hamden,
Connecticut: Archon Books, 1973.
Viscusi, W. Kipp and Richard J. Zeckhauser, "Optimal Standards
with Incomplete Enforcement", Public Policy, Fall 1979.
