I

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?

SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY

MEMORANDUM

TO: Senate ?

FROM: ?

W. Wattamaniuk

Secretary, SCAP

SUBJECT:

Proposal for a Department

?

DATE: ?

April 20, 1988

of Earth Sciences

Action undertaken by the Senate Committee on Academic Planning at its

meeting of April 13, 1988 gives rise to the following motion:

"that Senate approve and recommend approval

to the Board of Governors, the proposal for a

Department of Earth Sciences, as set out in

S.88-22"

Note: For the information of Senate, this proposal is part of a

process of continual academic planning of new programs at

SFU. There is no intention of proceeding with the program

unless new designated funding is made available. The new

courses outlined in the proposal are conceptual in nature and

would not be available for offering until specifically brought

forward on course proposal forms and approved by SCUS, SCAP

and Senate.

0

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scf9c'

• ?

SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY

MEMORANDUM

To:

?

SCAP

?

From:

?

W.

R. Heath, Secretary

SCUS

Subject:

Proposal for a Department

?

Date: ?

March 2, 1988

of Earth Sciences

SCUS recommends

MOTION: that SCAP approve the proposal for a Department of Earth

Sciences.

This matter has been reviewed in the past by both SCUS and SCAP and we draw your

attention to the following changes in content introduced since the last consideration of the

proposal:

P. 9

?

?

(a) In accordance with recent calendar changes, CHEM 102-3, CHEM 103-3

and CHEM 119-3 have been substituted for CHEM 104-3, CHEM 105-3

•

and CHEM 118-3 respectively.

(b)

In accordance with recent calendar changes, GEOG 213-3 has been

substituted for GEOG 313 and GEOG 311 has been eliminated (on

p.

10 of

the proposal).

(c)

The status of CMPT 102-3 has been changed from required to

recommended in order to reduce the number of lower-level required hours

imposed by changes in (b).

P.10 ?

(a) In accordance with recent calendar changes, GEOG 312-3, GEOG 313-3

and 317-3 changed to GEOG 212-3, GEOG 313-4 and 317-4.

P.11 ?

(a) In accordance with recent calendar changes, MATH 272-3, 302-3, 372-3

and 375-3 have been changed to STAT 270-3, 302-3, 330-3 and 375-3.

(b) Wording in Section 3.5 changed to conform precisely with Faculty of

Science entry in the calendar.

P.16 ?

(a) MAEA 408-3 (Geostatistics) changed to STAT 408-3 on recommendation

of Department of Mathematics and Statistics Chairman.

•

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SiMON FRASER

UNIVERSITY

- ?

MEMORANDUM

'.

From—

Office ?

the Dean

?

Studies

Subject..

?X9P

Sciences

q

.4. ?

4va.tc. Rwsrii.m. ?

94rth....

?

Date.........

Maxch ..

Q,.

I$

The Senate Graduate Studies Committee, at its Meeting on March 28,

1988, approved the proposed Master's program in Earth Sciences and

it is now being forwarded to .the Senate Committee on Academic Planning

for approval.

62-

B.P. Clayman

Dean of Graduate Studies.

mm!

.

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0

A DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES

?

AT SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY

A Proposal

0-

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Earth C

:

enCFS: S.FL.J

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I- PREAMBLE

2.

CHARACTER OF AN EARTH SCIENCE

SCIENCE PROGRAU AT SIlL

2J: An Explicit Interdiciplinary Approach

22: Appointment of Adjunct and Visiting Professors

2.3: Cooperative Education

24: Academic Emphases of the Department

2.5: The Undergraduate Program

2.6: The Graduate Program

3.

ACADEMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM (B-Sc)

31: Lower Division Core

3.2: Upper Division Core

3.3: Recommended Courses from other Departments

34: The Honours Program

3.5: Electives from beyond the Faculty of Science

3.6: A Complete Listing of Earth Science Courses

3.7: Course Outlines

4.

ACADEMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GRADUATE PROGRAM (U.Sc)

4.1: Graduate Courses

4.2: The .L-Sc. Thesis

5.

FACULTY AND STAFF REQUIREMENTS: A FIVE-YEAR PLAN

6.. ?

SPACE BE

QU!REliENT5 All VE-YEAR PLAN

6.1: Office and Laboratory Space

6.2: Undergraduate Teaching Space

6.3: Research Laboratories

7 ?

LIBRARY RESOURCES

8 ?

BUDGET

Al. Appendix 1: The Present Status of Earth Sciences at SFIL

A2_ Appendix 2: External Referee Reports on the B.Sc. Program

A3. Appendix 3: External Referee reports on the

uSc -

Program

A4 Appendix 4: S.F.U. Graduate Theses on Earth Science Topics

A5_ Appendix 5: ?

Membership of the Earth Science Program

Committee

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Earth Sciences: S.F.U.

0 ?

1. PREAMBLE

Simon Fraser University was established in 1965 without a geology program

and remains without one. A fundamental argument of this proposal

is

that the

absence of geology

in

the academic program of the University is a basic deficiency

in the University curriculum limiting the quality of science at S.F.U..

Ve

fully

endorse the concern expressed in a recent major review of Canadian geoscience that

a small group of Canadian universities, including S!.U., has no geology program. In

the words of these reviewers, 'it is inconceivable that a modern university would not

offer some of the basic courses in geology so necessary for understanding Earth

resources and their conservation" (Neale, E.R.V. and Armstrong. J!., 1981, Canadian

Geoscience Council Report:

6eokgicsJ S yotC8na1&

Paper 60-6,

p.

25). In this

regard, Science at Simon Fraser University in 1987 remains significantly incomplete

and inconceivably limited and idiosyncratic.

Furthermore, we believe that geological training facilities in British Columbia

are in need of strengthening, particularly in the areas of industrial-mineral

. resources and environmental geoscience. Even though this Province relies upon the

mineral and hydrocarbon base for so much of its wealth, only one of the Provincial

universities offers a developed program in geology. The establishment of a program

at Simon Fraser University would provide additional educational resources in such

fields as industrial-mineral exploration and extraction, modelling of contaminant

dispersal in geological systems, terrain analysis, the application of expert systems to

geological problems, and geotechnical assessment of alpine resource conflicts.

The provision of Earth Science courses in the University currently is the

responsibility of the Department of Geography. Courses in geology, geomorphology,

sedimentology, soils, meteorology and hydrology are taught under the rubric of the

physical geography program. Student response to these Earth Science courses has

been strong and sustained.

Further development of the Earth Sciences at Simon Fraser must be built on a

core of geology courses. The introduction of such subjects as stratigraphy,

petrology, mineralogy, paleontology and structures is a necessary prerequisite to the

expansion

of

Earth Science in the University. Although a short-term fix might be

achieved by strengthening the Earth Science core in the Department of Geography,

. ?

such a bridge eventually would also threaten the primary mandate of that

Department to provide a balanced and integrated view of Earth environment and the

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Eth Sciences: S.F.U.

geography of human activity within it.

The establishment of an independent Earth Science program would not only

fill a void in the science offerings to Simon Fraser University students, but it would

strengthen other academic programs. The absence of systematic Earth Science has

been an important limiting factor, for example, in the development of the physical

geography and Quaternary Science programs. But (eography is not the only

department that would benefit greatly by the presence of an Earth Science program;

Archaeology, Biology, Chemistry, Physics and the Natural Resource Management

Program, in particular, also are natural partners in such an endeavour.

It must be emphasized that this proposal is not a new departure for the

University, but simply a logical development of ongoing scholarly effort and present

University investment in existing but limited programs involving several faculty.

Earth Science courses, and equipment. Thus, although approval of this proposal

will create a completely new teaching and research structure at S.F.U., it will rest

firmly on a foundation of existing resources.

The proposed Earth Science program at SIU. obviously and properly will

duplicate core elements of the geoscience program at U.B.C. but the program on this

campus, from the start, will be focussed on Quaternary studies, sedimentology,

geostatistics and environmental geoscience, rather than attempting to 'cover the

field'. Concentration of the S.F.U. resources in this manner will not only put in place

a strongly complementary set of S.F.UJU.B.C. undergraduate and graduate academic

opportunities for British Columbians, but it will assure for the S.F.U. program the

immediate opportunity of becoming a centre of excellence in the field. Furthermore,

the S.F.U. graduate program will be designed to accommodate a limited number of

part-time students, a group presently not served by the University of British

Columbia.

The economic returns from such an academic program are clear. This

Province is a resource-based and d velópment-oriented community in which a full

and varied appreciation of the potential and limitation of the geological

environment is absolutely vital to the success of many mining, engineering, and

development ventures Nowhere is this more apparent than in the important alpine

regions of the Province where mountainous terrain poses environmental problems

best solved by scientists end engineers trained in such Earth Science core disciplines

as surficial geology, geomorphology, hydrology, and other geotechnical skills such

as slope stability analysis. Planning at all levels in such environments involves the

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V

E8lth Sciences: S.F.U.

assessment of geological ha2ards and an

important

role of the S.F.U. graduate in the

Earth Sciences viii be to develop just that particular expertise.

The location and exploitation of industrial minerals lacks the glamour of

copper and gold mining yet it is a crucial

pert

of the provinces mining industry.

Graduates of this program are expected to play an active role in the industrial-

mineral and related industries.

2 CHARACTER or AN EARTH SCIENCE PROGRAM AT SF-U.

It is proposed that a Department of

Earth ithe

rather than

6eoky

be

established at Simon Fraser University because the former title implies a broader and

more integrated view of planet Earth than that characterizing traditional geology

programs which typically are strongly focussed on the needs of the local mining-

industry. The program outlined here attempts to create an academic unit which viii

• have both academic credibility and identity in the professional geological

community while at the same time avoiding unnecessary duplication of the geology

offerings at the University of British Columbia. It also is designed to fit the

circumstances of this University with respect to the availability of existing Earth-

science courses, the trimester organization of the year, and the functioning of the

cooperative education program.

2.1: An Explicit Interdisciplinary Approach

One of the themes of the Canadian Geoscience Council Report is the need to

strengthen the interdisciplinary component of Canadian Earth-science. It strongly

recommends that, in order "to promote interdisciplinary research, teaching and

other interaction between departments, university administrators are urged to

encourage joint appointments between separate departments of geology and

geophysics and also with such departments as chemistry, geography, civil

engineering, physics and biology' (Neale and Armstrong, 1981, p.8).

It is proposed that the new Department be founded in part on joint

appointments with existing departments, including Geography and possibly

•

?

Biological Sciences and Mathematics. Possibilities for joint or associate positions also

exist in Chemistry, Physics and Engineering Science. Obviously the particular

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E€tflh Sciences: S.F

I

nature of the joint appointments must be

agreed

between the departments involved.

The interdisciplinary nature of the program will be reinforced by the

tncortoration of both undergrada end

g

raduate courses from outside the Earth

Science Department within its core requirements (for example, hydrology and

g eomorpholog

y

from Geography).

2.2: Appointment of Adjunct and Visiting Professors

Vancouver is a major centre for consulting, governmental and industrial

geoscience. This pool of manpower will be tapped for people willing to teach courses.

give workshops or lectures in the Earth Science program. Such a policy will have

the benefit of insuring that the SE.U. Earth Science program maintains close contact

with the non-academic world of geoscience; feedback from such interestion will

keep the facult

y

aware of trends, needs and new thrusts in the applied fields

The use of adjunct professors has proven successful in several departments of

the Universit

y

, most notably, the Resource Mana

g

ement Program. The experience

gathered there clearly demonstrates the benefits of having professionals who give

advice to the department, offer the occasional lecture and advise students. It is an

effective way of insuring that contact with the

g

overnment and industrial sectors of

geoscience is routinely maintained.

23: Cooperative Education

Over the past five years the University has increased the number of

departments takin

g

pert in the work-stud

y

programs of cooperative education.

Students have responded positively to the opportunity of

s

pending part of the

academic year in a supervised work situation. The application of their theoretical

s

kills in the work-place has attracted large numbers of students, and the selection

process for these positions is highly competitive.

The lead time necessary for making the contacts with employers, formulating

the departmental regulations, and fully informing students, necessitates that

planning for co-op should start in the second year of the Departments operation.

The number of students

involved in

the co-op endeavour will be small. although the

actual number will reflect the interests of students and employers.

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Eaith

Science: S.F.U.

24: Academic Emphases of the Department

It is

proposed

that the academic emphasi

s

of the Department will be, to use a

popular term

.

, in the are; of soft-rock geology. This emphasis reflects the existing

;3rttt

Science

g

Stren

th on the campus: fluvial geomorpholo

g

y. geochronoiogy.

çelynology. hydrolog

y

. sedimentology end Que

i

ernery studies. The following eree

will be the malor thrusts of the Earth Science program:

1

?

Quaternary geology and geomorphology

ii ?

Sedimentology and sedimentary petrology

Iii ?

&eost.atlstics

iv ?

Environmental geoscience

Complementing these &.ademic thrusts of the department is & three-course

l

fteldMwork requirement. This reflect.

the

conviction of the Earth Science Program

Committee that fieldwork should be a major and inte

g ral part of the second, third.

and fourth years of a B.Sc. program. The formal field courses (EASC 206. EASC

304.

EASC 412) viii be supplemented by one and two-day field excursions in the other

Earth Science courses.

25: The Undergraduate Program (B-Sc)

The undergraduate program is designed to provide a broad education in Earth

Science with sufficient emphasis on traditional fields of geology to allow graduates to

meet. potential Provincial certification as a professional geologist and the entry

requirements to graduate schools of geology in Canada and elsewhere. The program

outlined below in Section

3

is a revised version of an earlier proposal that was

reviewed by a number of distinguished geologists across North America (see

Appendix 21. Their reactions to that proposal were very positive

and

most of their

suestions for improvements have been incorporated into the present document.

26: The Graduate Program (MSc)

The

g

raduate program is designed to provide research opportunities and

training for troth full-time and pert-time students in several areas of the Earth

Sciences including Quaternary studies, sedimentology, geostatistics and

environmental geoscience. The part-time program will provide Earth scientists in

local geoscience companies with an opportunity to upgrade their qualifications in

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Earth

Sciences: S.F.U.

selected areas of

the Earth Sciences while

maintaining

their employment.

This program represents a direct extension

of the proposed undergraduate

program in Earth Sciences with the concordant aim of correcting a long-standing

weakness of the University to provide full and balanced teaching and research

opportunities in the Earth Sciences. Furthermore, an M.Sc. program in the Earth

Sciences will help to provide for the research needs and aspirations of newly-

appointed faculty in the Department of Earth Sciences and of existing faculty

presently vorking in the Earth Sciences in established departments. Thus, an S.F.U.

graduate program in the Earth Sciences would

recognize in name both the ongoing

activities in the University as veil

as

introducing

the new coordinated

program.

The

lively activity and commitment to Earth Sciences at S.F.U. already is evident by:

H the variety of graduate research programs with Earth Science

components

(particularly in Archaeology, Biological Sciences, Geography and Physics);

H the recently established Institute

for Quaternary Research;

H the availability of such facilities

as

the

14C

radiocarbon dating and X-ray

fluorescence laboratories;

S the University investment in field and laboratory equipment (for example,

petrographic microscopes; seismic recorders; drilling rig. survey boats etc);

S the University's internal funding of a select number of geology courses.

The only institution in British Columbia offering a graduate degree in Earth

Sciences (geological sciences) is the University of British Columbia. In contrast with

that program, and indeed with most others in Canaft the proposed M.Sc. program at

SI.U. will exploit and build on existing strength in areas directly related to

Quaternary geoscience. The closest programs to the model being proposed here are

those at the Universities of Alberta and at Vaterboo in Quaternary studies.

The program outlined below in Section 4 is a revised version of an earlier

proposal reviewed, modified and approved by the S.F.U. Graduate Studies Committee.

An important

pert

of this process was the accommodation of concerns expressed by

the Earth Sciences Committee (Geological Sciences, Geophysics, and Geography) at

U.B.C. (see Appendix 3).

.

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Earth Sciences:

3. ACADEMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM (B.Sc.)

Requirements for the B.Sc. (Major) and B.Sc. (Honours. program in the

Faculty of Science are listed on p.

95-96

in the University Calendar.

31: Lover Division Core

All students majorin

g

in Earth Sciences are expected to complete the following

courses, or their equivalent, within the fir 60 hours (4 semesters) of their program.

Courses in Earth Science

Semester Hours

EASC

101-3

Phyica1 Geology

3

102-3

Historical

Geology

201-3

Stratigraphy and Sedimentation

3

202-3

Crystallography and Optical Mineralogy

3

203-3

Paleontology

3

.

204-3

Structural Geology I

3

205-3

Mineralogy and Petrology

3

206-1

Field Geology I

22

Courses in Other Science Departments

Semester Hours

CHEM

102-3

General Chemistry I for Physic3l Sciences

3

103-3

General Chemistry II for Physical Sciences

3

115-2

General Chemistry Laborator

y

I

2

119-2

General Chemistry Laboratory II for Physical Sciences

?

2

PHYS

120-3

General Physics I

3

121-3

General Physics II

3

131-2

General Physics Laboratory

2

BISC

102-4

Introduction to Biology

4

MATH

102-3

Introduction to Statistics

3

151-3

Calculus 1

3

152-3

Calculus II

3

GEUG

213-3

Geomorphology I

w

34

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S.F

is

32: Upper Division Core

All Earth '•

m

ajors vi

e

b

expected to take the folloving upper division

courses:

Courses in Earth Science

Semester flours

EASt ?

301-3

Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology

3

302-3

Sedimentar y

Petro1oy

3

304-3

Geophysics

3

306-2

field Geology II

2

&EO& ?

313-4 Geomorphology II

4

317-4

Soil Geography

4

EASC ?

401-3

Regional Geology of Vestern Canada

3

402-3

Sedimentology ?

S

3

403-3

Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology

3

404-3

Biostratigraphy

3

405-3

Basin Analysis

3

406-2

field Geology III

2

407-3

Structural Geology II

3

410-3

Fluvial Systems

3

90-0

Undergraduate Seminar

I)

42

33: Recommended Courses from other Departmeàts

The folloving courses are ones that Earth Science majors might find useful to

add as

electives:

ARCH ?

410-5

Advanced ArcheninAtrv

411-5

?

Archaeological Dating

438-5 Geoarchaeology

B ISC

204-3

?

Intro luction to Ecology

.337-3

Comparative Morphology, Distribution & Evolution of

Vascular Plants

434-3 Paleoecology and Palynology

CHEM ?

218-3 Introduction to Analytical Chemistry

232-3 The Chemistry

of

Non-Transition Elements

251-3 Organic Chemistry I

S

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t

Etith Sciences: S.F.U.

.

.

371-3

Chemistry of the Environment

416-3

Modern Methods of Analytical Chemistry

CMPT

102-3

Introduction to Programming for Science Students

104-1

Introduction to High Programming Language II

187-1

Computing Project - Earth Science

GEOG

353-4

Aerial Photographic Interpretation

212-4

Geography of Natural Hazards

413-4

Advanced Geomorphology

416-4

Pleistocene Geography

418-4

Terrain Evaluation

MATH

251-3

Calculus III

262-4

Engineering Mechanics I

263-4

Engineering Mechanics II

STAT

270-3

Introduction to Probability & Statistics

302-3

Analysis of Experimental and Observational Data

330-3

linear Models in Applied Statistics

460-3

Decision Analysis and Bayesian Inference

PUTS

211-3

Intermediate Mechanics

34: The Honours Program

Departmental approval is required for entry into the Honours Program. All

students applying for entry must have completed 30 semester hours at Simon Fraser

University in the Major Program in Earth Science. The requirements for honours

are the same as previously listed for the major but, in addition, the tollo'ing must be

completed:

(a)

an additional 12 semester hours for a minimum total of !.for graduation;

(b) an Honours Thesis (EASC 499-9).

35: Electives from beyond the Faculty of Science

All majors and honours in Earth Science must take a minimum of 6 semester

hours of electives in subjects taken outside the Faculty of Science (excluding EDUC

401. 402, 405,

and

406).

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A

Earth

Sclence,: 5

.

Fl

EASC ?

101-3

102-3

201-3

202-3

203-3

204-3

205-3

206-1

Physical Geology

Historical Geology

Stratigraphy & Sedimentation

Crystallography and Optical Mineralogy

Paleontology

Structural Geology I

Mineralogy and Petrology

Field Geology I

301-3 Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology

302-3 Sedimentary Petrology

303-3 Geochronology

304-3 Geophysics

305-3 X-Ray Mineralogy

306-2 Field Geology II

307-3 Geotechnical Problems in Alpine Areas

?

.

308-3 Environmental Geoscience

401-3 Regional Geology of Vestern Canada

402-3 Sedimentology

403-3 Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology

404-3 Biostratigraphy

405-3 Basin Analysis

406-2 Field Geology III

407-3 Structural Geology II

409-3 Lov Temperature Geochemistry

410-3 Fluvial Systems

490-3 Undergraduate Seminar

491-3 Directed Readings

492-3 Directed Readings

493-3 Directed Readings

499-9 Honours Thesis

A

STAT ?

408-3

Geostatistics (requires nev course proposal from,

Department of Mathematics and Statistics)

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Earth Sciences: S.FIJ.

(

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.

.

33:

Course Descriptions

EASC 101-3 PHYSICAL GEOLOGY

An introduction to rocks and minerals and the processes of their formation.

The structure of the Earth, plate tectonics and the evolution of the surface

features of the Earth.

EASC 102-3 HISTORICAL GEOLOGY

The study of the evolution of the Earth; the geological time scale, fossils and

evolution; introductory stratigraphic concepts; geological history of Vestern

Canada.

EASC ZO1-3 STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTATION

An introduction to the nature, origin and interpretation of stratified Earth

materials. Principles of lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and chrono-

tratigraphy. The facie.s concept.

Prerequisites:

EASC 101 or GEOCT 111: and EASC 102

EASt 202-5 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND OPTICAL MINERALOGY

Introduction to crystallography, crystal chemistry and chemical properties

and chemical principles necessary for the study of minerals.

Prerequisite:

EASC 101

EASt 203-5 PALEONTOLOGY

Principles of classification, morphology and development of the major groups

of animals and plants in the geological record. The paleoecologic significance

of fossils.

Prerequisite:

EASC 102

EASC 204-3 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY I

Description, classification and interpretation of Earth structures: folds, faults,

joints, cleavage and lineations. Elementary voc.lc mechanics.

Prerequisites:

EASC 101 and EASC 102

EASC 205-3 MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY

Optical phenomena related to the use of the polarizing microscope in the

identification of minerals in the thin section. Petrogenesis and classification

of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Hand specimen and thin

section identification of rocks and minerals.

Prerequisites:

EASC 202. Can be taken concurrently.

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Ewth Sciences: S.F.IJ.

)

S

EASC 206-1

FIELD GEOLOGY I

Seven day excursion at the end of the spring semester to demonstrate the

geology of British Columbia.

Prerequisites:

LASC 101 and EASC 102

EASC 301-3

IGNEOUS AND

METAMORPHIC

PETROLOGY

Mineralogy, phase relations,

origin

and occurrence of igneous rocks. The

classification of igneous rocks. Mineralogy and textures of metamorphic

rocks. The study of hand specimen and thin section.

Prerequisite:

EASC 205

EASC 302-3 SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY

The study of the composition, fabric, origin and environments of sedimentary

rocks. Hand specimen and thin section will be used for the identification and

interpretation of sediments.

Prerequisite:

EASC 205

EASC 303-3

GEOCHRONOLOGY

The application of various dating techniques to the geologic record including

Cit thermoluminescence, fission track, potassium argon and others.

Prerequisites:

PHYS 101 and PHYS 102, or PHYS 120 and PHYS 121

EASC 304-3

GEOPHYSICS

An introduction to geophysics utilizing seismic, magnetic and gravimetric

observations of the Earth. A brief review of logging techniques.

Prerequisites:

PHYS 120 and PHYS 121

USC 305-3

I-RAY MINERALOGY

Fundamentals of X-ray diffraction techniques with emphasis on clay

mineralogy.

Prerequisite:

EASC 205

EASC

306-2

FIELD GEOLOGY II

A twelve day field camp held after the final week in the Spring Semester. The

camp will emphasize the study of sedimentary rocks.

Prerequisite:

The completion of the required 3rd year Earth Science

courses.

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Sciences: S.F.U.

0

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EASE 307-3 &EOTECHNICAL PROBLEMS IN ALPINE AREAS

The role of geology and geological

engineering

in man's use of Alpine areas

for settlement. Case studies from British Columbia and the European Alps will

be used.

Prerequisite:

75 credit hours

EASC 308-3 ENVIRONMENTAL &EOSCIENCE

Environmental geology is a branch of ecology vhich deals vith the

relationship of men to his geological habitat. Topics covered viii include

environmental impact of mineral extraction and logging; erosion and

sedimentation in rural and urban environments; mass movement.

Prerequisites:

75 credit hours including 6 hours in Earth Science

EASE 401-3 REGIONAL GEOLOGY Of VESTERN CANADA

The stratigraphy, structure and historical geology of vestern Canada.

Important mineral and fossil sites viii be discussed.

Prerequisites:

EASC 201 and EASC 204

EASC 402-3 SEDIMENTOLOGY

The physics of sediment transport in fluids, the formation, character and

classification of internal structures in sediments, and palaeoenviromental

analysis.

Prerequisites:

EASC 302

EASt 403-3 QUATERNARY GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY

Stratigraphy and history of the Quaternary Period vith emphases on

glaciation and Holocene alluvial fills. Several field trips in the Fraser

Lovi ends.

Prerequisite:

GEOG

313

EASC 404-3 BIOSTRATIGRAPRY

The use of fossil evidence in the solving

o1

stratigraphic problems, and the

reconstruction of the conditions of deposition of ancient sediments.

Prerequisites:

EASC 201 and EASC 203

ASC 405-3 BASIN ANALYSIS

The study of major depositional systems. Methods of analyzing basin geometry,

depositional and tectonic history; basin classification; basin models; basin

characteristics. Extensive use of Canadian examples.

Prerequisites:

EASC 201 and EASC 204

-15-

---

Earth

Sciences:S.F.Ij.

EASC

406-2 FIELD GEOLOGY III

The study of deformed sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks in the

field. Twelve days of field work preceded by reading and laboratory studies.

Prerequisites:

EASC 305 and EASC 412

EASC 407-3 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY II

Rheological behaviour of rock; theories of

stress

distribution; failure criteria

for rock; the evaluation of bulk rock properties.

Prerequisite:

75 credit hours including EASC 204

EASC 409-3 LOT TEMPERATURE GEOCHEMISTRY

Low temperature aqueous solution geochemistry.

?

Geochemical problems in

sedimentary and diegenetic environments.

Prerequisites:

EASC 205, EASC 302, CHEM 232

EASC 410-3 FLUVIAL SYSTEMS

Stream processes

?

and the ?

evolution ?

of drainage ?

systems. ?

Modern

environments

?

of ?

fluvial

sedimentation with applications to the ancient record.

Prerequisites:

EASC 201 and GEOG 313

EASt 490-0 UNDERGRADUATE SEMINAR

A seminar for students in their last year of study. Visiting speakers. Site visits

to mines, drilling locations. Discussions of the applications of Earth Science in

the industrial and commercial world.

Prerequisites:

105 credit hours and majoring in Earth Sciences

EASC 491-1 DIRECTED READINGS

A course in which reading and research, and/or field work will be supervised

by faculty members.

Prerequisite: ?

75 credit hours including 30 hours of courses in Earth

Sciences, and permission of the department

EASC 492-2 DIRECTED READINGS

A course in which reading and research, aM/or field work 'will be supervised

by faculty members.

Prerequisite:

?

75 credit hours including 30 hours of courses in Earth

Sciences, and permission of the department.

-16-

---

C

.

Earth Scence:S.F.U.

EASC 493-3 DIRECTED READINGS

A course in which reading and research, and/or field 'work 'will be supervised

by faculty members.

Prerequisites:

75 credit hours including 30 hours of courses in Earth

Sciences, and permission of the department.

EASC 499-9 HONOURS THESIS

An in-depth investigation of a topic in the Earth Sciences.

Prerequisites:

105 credit hours and consent of the supervisor

STAT 408-3 GEOSTATISTICS

(It is suggested that this new course proposal would

come forward from the Department of Mathematics and Statistics)

The theory of spatially correlated random variables applied to geological

problems. Topics include veriograms for analysis of spatial continuity.

• ?

kriging, nonparametric and parametric geostatistics.

Prerequisites:

MATH 272 or MATH 302

.

-17-

---

Etth Sciences: S.F.U.

4 ACADEMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GRADUATE PROGRAM (MSc.)

4.1: Admission and General Requirements

The I) The Department of Earth Sciences oilers a program leading to the M.Sc. degree

in Earth Sciences, vith emphases on Earth surface processes, geomorphology..

surficial and Quaternary geology and sedimentoiogy.

AdmA'sk'n

For admission requirements, refer to the General Regulations, pp. 199-

200. Students should normally have a B.Sc. degree, or equivalent, in an honours

program with at least a good second-class standing (3.0 GPA) in the Earth Sciences

(for example: geology, geological engineering, geophysics, geomorphology, soil

science, physical geography).

DgzeRequfrments.

All students in the program 'will be required to take EASC 600

(Introduction to Graduate Studies) and five courses from the list belov. In addition a.

thesis is required for the degree. The actual course selection viii be a reflection of the

student's research interest and guidance from the senior supervisor.

4.2: Graduate Courses

Because of the interdisciplinary nature of the Earth Science program, students

are encouraged to undertake

g

raduate courses in other Departments related to their

particular research interests.

Nev Courses

EASC 600-0

?

Introduction to Graduate Studies

A required course designed to acquaint nev graduate

students 'with the research strengths of the Department.

research facilities in the University and its vicinity and

with the methodologies of the main fields of the Earth

Sciences.

EASC 610-3 Statistical Analysis of Earth Science Data

Statistical methods and their use in geology and

hydrogeology.

EASC 620-3

?

Clastic Sedimentology

Description and analy

s

is of clastic sediments including.

textures, fabrics, sedimentary structures,end facies

associations in a variety of deposisional settings; diagenesis

and geochemistry.

-

18 -

---

Eth Science::

.F.IJ.

ZAC 621-3

?

Physical Sediiaentology

Physical

processes

of sedimentation in modern depositional

environments

EASC 630-3

Stratigraphy

I

The historical development of the concepts and principles of

stratigraphy and the relative geological time scale;

classification of stratigraphic units using various

stratigraphic codas; international problems in stratigraphic

classification and correlation.

EASt 631-3

Stratigraphy II

Selected problems in the application of stratigraphic

techniques including seismic stratigraphy.

EASC 640-3

Techniques for Quaternary Geology

Field and analytical techniques in the description and

interpretation of Quaternary sediments; field studies.

EASC 641-3

Geochronology

Principles and problems of dating surficial materials;

Canadian case studies in Quaternary geology.

EASt 650-3

Fluvial Sedimentary Systems

Fluvial geomorphology and sedimentology of sin

g

le and

•

?

EASC 660-3

multichanneled river systems.

Hydrometeorology

Principles of dynamic meteorology with emphasis on near-

surface energy-balance models as a component of the

hydrologic cycle.

EASC 661-3

Groundvater Hydrology

Semi-steady state flow, leakage and recharge, effects of

consolidation, analy

s

is of pump tests, and other selected

topics from the theory of groundwater movement.

EASC 680-2 ?

Subsurface Techniques

Field course in the application of drilling methods

(including core recovery and lithologic logging) and

geophysical veil logging.

EASC 690-3 ?

Applied Geophysics

Recent advances in exploration geophysics; topics viii

include seismic stratigraphy, airborne survey systems, and

veil-logging techniques for the detection of hydrocarbons.

EASC 700-1 ?

Special Topics in Earth Sciences I

Advanced study of selected topics, the focus of which will

vary from semester to semester.

EASC 701-2 ?

Special Topics in Earth Sciences II

Advanced study of selected topics, the focus of which will

very from semester to semester.

- .19 -

---

Earth Sciences: S.F.U.

£ASC 702-3

?

Special Topics in Earth Sciences Ill

Advanced study of selected topics, the focus of which will

vary from semester to semester.

EASC 703-4 ?

Special Topics in Earth Sciences IV

Advanced study of selected topics, the locus of which viii

very from semester to semester.

EASC 704-5

?

Special Topics in Earth Sciences V

Advanced study of selected topics, the focus of which will

vary from semester to semester.

EASC 800

?

M.Sc. Thesis (Earth Science)

Existing Courses

MP.M 631 Applied Geomorphology and Hydrology

GEOG 717 Digital Processing of Remote Sensing Data

GEOG 726 Fluvial Geomorphology*

GEOG 728 Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology*

GEOG 730 Fossil Lendforms

* these courses would be renumbered as EASC or GEEA (joint GEOG and EASC

offerings) once the program is established.

Undergraduate

courses with graduate sections:

ARC 411 Archaeological Dating

ARC 438 Geoarcheeology

BISC 434 Paleoecology and Palynology

42: The M.Sc. Thesis

Graduates of this program will

be

required to conduct original research and

report their

results

in a thesis.

.

-

19a -

---

(

Earth Sciences: S.F.U.

.-

5. FACULTY AND STAFF REQUIREMENTS: LIVE YEAR PLAN

Faculty Requirements

Sedimentary petrologist

Igneous or metamorphic petrologist

Biostratigrapher or paleontologist

Stratigrapher

Structural geologist

Initial joint appointments: Geography (1.0 FTE)

Off Campus Visiting Appointments: 1.0

lIE

(involvement of non-University

geoscience professionals as visiting professors)

0

?

Staff Requirements

Departmental Assistant

One secretary and one part-time secretary

Two technicians

Teachin g

Assistants

Initially two teaching assistants will be required, subsequently increasing to

ten assistants

in the fourth year of the Department's operation.

See the flow chart

for the hiring sequence in Table 1.

NO

---

Earth

Science3: S.F.U.

MUST YEAR

SECOND TZAR

TuRD TEAR

FOURTh TEAR

IOT&L CCP1.ZIZ1T

IV TI! lifT! TZAR

Stratigrapher

Sedimentary

Structural

Petrologist

Geologist

IOUS/I1et8tL

Biostretigrapher

Visiting

Visiting

Seven Faculty

Petrologist

Appointment

Appointment

Poaitiona

(0,5)

(0.5)

Joint Appointments

withGeogrephy(l.0)

Secretary

Departmental

Part-time

One Departmental

Assistant

Secretary

Aisixtant

1.5 Secretaries

Technician

Technician

2

Technician,

10 Teaching

Assistants

2

Teaching

Assistants

2

Teaching

Assistants

2 Teaching

Assistants

4 Teaching

Assistants

Table 1: Flow

Chart of Faculty and Staff Hiring by Year

LI

_21-

---

Eth Sciences: S.F.U.

6.. SPACE REQUIREMENTS: FIVE YEAR PLAN

The following office and laboratory space requirements viii need to come on

stream in accordance with the progressive hiring of faculty and staff outlined in the

5-Year Plan (Section 5).

Office and Laborator

y

Space

The Department of Earth Science viii require the following office end laboratory

space:

eight faculty offices

Chairman's office and associated meeting room (seminar room)

two teaching assistant offices (each holding six desk spaces)

office for the secretarial staff

room for office equipment

office for the departmental assistant

storage room for equipment

two offices for technicians

.

.

undergraduate teaching space (see below)

research laboratories (see below)

Undergraduate Teachin

g

Space

laboratory (handling 25 students) for the introductory geology courses

laboratory designed for the crystallography and the introductory

mineralogy and petrology

laboratory for paleontology and pelynology

laboratory for the advanced petrology courses

general purpose laboratories

Research Laboratories

laboratory for stratigraphical research

laboratory for petrology research

laboratory for Quaternary research

sedimentological laboratory

coal geology research laboratory

course in

---

Earth

Sciences: S.F.U.

7. LIBRARY RESOURCES

Preaiible

A core collection in the Earth Sciences had already been established to support

ongoing research and teaching. The QE section of the Library

is

growing each year,

especially in the &e& supportive of geomorphology and sedinientology. The start

date for many journals is I96/66, reflecting the date of the University's

inauguration. Retrospective purchasing has extended the available length of the

major geology journals (e.g.. Bulletin of Geological Society

of

America now

begins in

1946; Journal of Geology begins in l89; American Journal of Science begins in 1950).

The publications of the Geological Survey of Canada and those of the U.S.

Geological Survey are taken and the back holdings are close to being complete. The

weakness of the present collection

is

in the limited holdings of provincial and state

geological surveys,

departments of mines and other governmental agencies involved

in the Earth Sciences.

The University's Map Library has a complete collection of Canadian topographic

maps; a limited collection of U.S. topographic maps and a scattered holding of

topographic maps from other countries. The limited collection of geological maps will

need strengthening.

Selected burnals and Serials from the S.F.U. Librar

y Involvin

g

Earth Sciences

S

Advances in Hydroscience

American Assoc. Petrol. Oeolog., Bulletin

American Congress on Surveying

&

Hopping: Annual Proceedings

American Geophysical Union:

Transactions

American !leteorolog. Soc., Bulletin

American !Ieteorolog. Soc., Ileteorolog.

Monographs

American

journal of Science

American Soc. Civil Engineers

Urban Planning Division

Geotechnical Engineering Division

Hydraulics

Soil Mechanics and Foundations

American Water Works Assoc., Journal

Antarctic Oceannlogy

Antarctic Snow

&

Ice Studies

Archives for Meteorology, Geophysics and

Bioclimatology

Arctic

Arctic

and Alpine Research

Atmosphere - Ocean

Bibliography

of Alaskan Geology

British Geomorphological Research Group

Technical Bulletin

Current Research

Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology

Canadian Alpine Journal

Canadian Cartographer

Canadian Geographer

Canadian Geophysical Bulletin

Canadian Geotechnicel Journal

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences

Canadian liming and Metallurgical

-23-

---

Earth Sciences: S.F.U.

Bulletin

Canadian liming Journal

Canadian Statistical Journal

Canadian Surveyor

Canadian Weather Review

Cartographer

Cartographic Journal

Cartographica

Catene

Climate Perspectives

Coastal Studies series

Colorado. State Univ., Hydrology Papers

Comments on Earth Sciences, Geophysics

Developments in

Sedimentologj,

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Earth Surface Processes

Earthquake Info. Bulletin

Ecological Modelling

Economic Geology

Environment

Environment Abstracts

Environment and

Planning

Environmental Comment

• ?

Environmental Geology

Environmental Planning

Erde

Exploration Geophysics

Fennia

GeoAbstracts

GeoForum

Geografiska Anneler (A)

Geographical Bulletin (E1IR, Caned.)

Geographical Journal

Geographical Review

Geogrephie Physique et Quaternaire

Geological Abstracts

Geological Fieldwork

Geological Magazine

Geological Society of American

has all publications (Bulletin. Memoirs.

Papers. etc.)

Geological Society of London, Journal

Quarterly Review

Geologist's Association, Proceedings

Geology

Geonwrphologicel Abstracts

Geomorphology Symposia Series

. ?

Geophysical Abstracts

Geophysical journal

Geophysical Monographs

Geos

Geoscience Canada

Geotechnique

Geotimes

GB. Institute of Geological Sciences

Habitat

Hydrology Symposium. Proceedings

Ice

Iceabikigt

Industrial Water Engineering

Institute of British Geographers,

Transactions

Journal of Applied Meteorology

Journal of Environmental Management

Journal of Geology

Journal of Geophysical Research

Journal of Glaciology

Journal of Hydrology (both lIZ and the

Netherlands)

Journal of Meteorology

Journal of Petrology

Journal of Range Management

Journal of Sedimentary Petrology

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

Lend and Water Law Review

Lend Economics

Land Research Series, Australia

Lend Use Abstracts

Landscape

Landscape Planning

Lund Series in Geography. Physical

Geography

McGill, Sub-Artic Research Lab..

publications

Marine Geology

Marine Technology Society

lleddelelser

cm

Gronland

Marine Geophysical Researches

Meteorological and Gecastrophysicel

Abstracts

Meteorological Magazine

Ileterological Translations

lleteorologische Bundschen

Methods in Geochemistry and Geophysics

Mineral Sciences

Investigations

Mining Technology

-24-

---

Ea,th Sciences: S.F.U.

Natural Hazards Observer

Natural Resources Forum

Natural Resources Journal

New Zealand Geographer

Norsk Geografish Tadsskrift

Offshore Exploration

Ontario Geography

(ono Date for the World

Pelaeogeography,

Paleeoclimatology,

Peleeoecology

Parks and Recreation

Phetogrannetric Engineering and Remote

Sensing

Plan Canada

Polar Record

Pollen et Spores

PreCambrian

Progress in Physical Geography

Quaternaria

Quaternary

Science

Reviews

Quaternary Research

Radiocarbon

Remote Sensing

in Canada

Research on Urban Hydrology

Review of Paleobotany & Palynology

Reviews in Engineering Geology

Reviews of Geophysics

Reviete Oeogjef ice

Revue de Geotorphologie Tiynamique

Sedimentary Geology

Sedimentology

Seismological Bulletin

Seismological Society of America, Bulletin

Snow Cover Data, Canada

Snow Survey Bulletin, B.C.

Societe de Geogrephie de

Quebec

Soil Science

Soil Science Society of America, Journal

Spill Technology Newsletter

Storm Data

Studies eM Reports in Hydrology, Paris

Surveying ad flapping

Tellus

Terra

Town and Country Planning

Town Planning Review

WHO Bulletin

Water Resources Bulletin

Water Resources Research

Water Spectrum

Weather

Veetherwise

World Survey of Climatology

eitsclrift fr Geomnorphologie

.

The University has access to GEOREF and other computer-based library data bases.

.

-25-

---

- 38 -

W. ?

Mike Roberts

?

Jack Corse

Collection supporting Earth Sciences

?

30 November 1981

Department

This is a brief review of the SFU Library resources in the area of

Earth Sciences. Professor Mike Roberts of the Geography Department

requested us to review the adequacy of the collection as far as supporting

a Department of Earth Sciences was concerned. At present, various courses

in the Earth Sciences area are taught in a variety of departments with no

overall coordination.

In general terms are are reasonably well placed to support such a

proposal. A basic subject heading search of our collection disclosed hold-

ings in every major sub-division of earth Sciencews. This means that we

have a good basis on which to build. It is entirely possible that specific

weaknesses would be disclosed as faculty members develop courses but these

problems would be dealt with at the time. My understanding of this propos-

al is that its main thrust is to gather existing courses under a new

umbrella rather than branching our in totally new directions.

The establishment of a new department may result in more courses being

offered in this arae which would, in turn, place more pressures on the col-

lection. Without specific course prposals it is impossible to be more

definitive. On the understanding that courses would be offered in some

areas of Earth Science that are barely covered by our existing programs, it

would be essential to expand our coverage of these areas in our approval

plans.

The journal collection which supports our present program of Geology

and Geomorphology is being reviewed by Professor Mike Roberts. This is an

area where budget constraints render it difficult to subscribe to many new

journals, however, we already have a reasonably good collection of journals

for this area.

The implications of these proposals for the Library are minimized

because courses in this area have always formed part of the program at SFU

It should be emphasized that any move towards increasing the number of

courses taught and their general thrust (i.e. more emphasis on civil engin-

eering and soil mechanics) would result in a corresponding increase in

Library expenditure. This would need to be funded as a new program.

---

E8lth Sciences: S.F.U.

8. BUDGET

The budget outlined in Table 2 provides estimates of the various components of

the operating costs of the Department of Earth Sciences. It excludes costs of the

reallocation of existing space and equipment to this nev program.

ASSUMPTIONS FOR TABLI 2(1985):

Salary

Salary & Benefits (13%)

Faculty Positions

$40,000

$45,200

Technicians ?

(a)

20,000

22,600

(b)

25,000

28250

Departmental Assistant

22,000

24,860

Secretory

17,000

19,210

Secretary (part-time)

8,000

9,040

Teaching Assistants

5.000

5.000

.

.

-27-

---

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---

Sager

Hutchinson

(meterology, climatology, glaciology)

(deltaic ecology and sedimentation)

L]

Earth Sciences:

S.F.U.

Al. Appendix I

The

Present

Status

of Earth

Sciences at

Sill..

This

section

will

provide

a

review

of the present teaching and research

capabilities

of the University in the field of Earth Sciences. The listing of

publications is

not intended

to

be comprehensive

but an overview; a

similar

caveat

applies

to the listing of

equipment.

Geography

Faculty

teaching Earth Science courses:

Bailey ?

(meteorology,

climatology,

hydrology)

Crampton ?

(soils, geology, permafrost)

Hickin

?

(fluvial

geomorphology, geology,zedimentology)

Roberts ?

(fluvial

geomorphology.

Quaternary alluvial

sedimentation)

Earth Scien

c

e and related courses:

GEOG ?

ill

L^

Physical

Geography

Introductory Geology

Cartography

I

Hydrology

Geography

of

Natural

Hazards

Geomorphology

I

Climatology I

Biogeo

gr

aphy I

Soil Geography

Sedimentology

Cartography

II

Aerial

Photographic

Interpretation

Quaternary Geology end Geomorphology

Geomorphology II

Climatology

II

Biogeography II

-29-

---

Ewth Sciences: S.F.U.

Pleistocene Geography

Terrain Evolution

Theoretical and Computer Cartography

Selected Research Publicatiow: V.6. Bailey

An analysts of errors in the calculation of evapotranspiration by the Bowen ration and combination

model methods. N3 PUBLICATION 79-11. 10 p.

With JA. Davies Estimating evapotranspiration from soybeans. Pre

p

rint Volume: Fourteenth

Conference on A

g

riculture and Forest lieteorology and Fourth Conference on

Biometeorology. Am. lieteorol. Soc., 158-160.

With P1. hills. Climatology

research

at the Beaverlodge Research Station. Proceedings of the

1980 Annual Meetin

g

of the Alberta Climatolo

gical

Association.

Alberta Energy and

Natural Resources, Technical Report T/l 0-1980, 35 p.

Agricultural climate resources for northwestern Canada. Pre

print

Volume of Extended Abstracts

for 15th Conference on A

g

riculture and Forest Meteorology and 5th Conference on

Biometeorology. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 139-140.

With H. Lerer. and PS. hills. Pollination activity of hlegacbile rotundata. Pre

p

rint Volume of

Extended Abstracts for 15th Conference on A

g

riculture and Forest Meteorology

and

5th

Conference on Biometeorology, Am. hieteorol. Soc., 13-15.

The

climate resources for agriculture in northwestern Canada. A

griculture

and Forestr

y

Bulletin.

4,11-I?.

With JA. Davies. Bulk stomatal resistance control on evaporation. Boundar

y

-La

y

er heteorol.. 20.

401-415.

?

is

VithJA. Davies. Evaporation from soybeans. Boundary

-La

yer

hleteorol.. 20,417-428.

With J.A. Davies. The effect of uncertainty in aerodynamic resistance on evaporation estimates

from the combination model. Boundar

y -La y

er lIeteorol.. 20,187-199.

With AL. Darwent. Soil moisture and temperature response to shallow tillage in the early spring.

Can. I. Soil Sc.. 61, 455-460.

With H. Lerer and PS. Mills. Pollination activity of the alfalfa lealcutting bee. Presentation for

the 16th Annual Con

g

ress of the Canadian Meteorolo

gical

and Oceano

g raphic

Society.

May 26-28, 1982, 3p.

With R.B. Stewart. A method for assessing leaf area. Can. I. Plant So.. 62, 211-214.

With P.r. Mills. Humidity and the pollination activity of Ilegachile rotunda. Env. Ent.. Il, 1063-

1066.

With H. Lerer, PS. Mills and P. Pankiw. Pollination activity of hlegachile rotundata. Evn. Ent.. 11,

997-1000.

With

R.N. Haybs., and G.C. Topp. Estimation of spring thaw water movement and freeze-thew

processes using time-domain reflectometry. Atmos

p

here-Ocean. In press.

Selected Research Publications: C.S. Crompton

Structural petrology

and

problems of the Celedomdes. The Ad,. of SaL.. 12, 574-575.

Loch Shin Limestone: comparison of dolomite and calcite fabrics. Trans. Edin. Geol. Soc., 16, 334-

33?.

?

0

Structural petrology of Cembro-Ordovician limestones of the Northwest Highlands of Scotland.

-130-

---

Earth Sciences: S.F.V.

Amer. I.Sci.. 256, 145-158.

Heavy minerals lathe Ilagnesian Limestone of Yorkshire. Proc. Yorks. Geolo. Soc.. 31, 383-390.

Petrography of the Mesozoic

succession

of South Vales. Geol. ha

g

.. 97, 215-228.

Quartz fabric reorientation in the region of Bentnore Assynt, Northwest Highlands of Scotland,

Geol.hla g.. 100, 361-370.

Contrasting vegetational histories of certain soils in South Vales: in interpretation of their pollen

content. I. Ecol.. 51, 453-459.

The

development and morphology of iron pan podzols in mid and South Wales. I. Soil Sci. 14, 282-

302.

Analysis of pollen in soils on the peaks of South Vales. Scot. Geo

g r. hag

.. 82, 46-52.

Certain effects of glacial events in the Vale of Glamorgan. South Vales. 1. Glaciol., 6, 261-266.

With JA. Taylor. Solifluc$ion terraces in South Vales. Biul. Perv

gl..

16. 15-36.

Soil development on tips in South Vales. S

y lva. 4?, 12-14.

VIthTY. Finch. A comparison of soils on Coal Measures in S.V. Ireland and S

.

E. Vales. Sd. Proc.

Ro y

. Dublin Soc., 3, 87-99.

The distribution and possible genesis of some organic terrain patterns in the southern Mackenzie

River Valley. Can. T. Earth Sci. 10.432-438.

A landscape zonation for the southern and central Mackenzie River Valley based on terrain

permafrost characteristics. Can. T. Earth Sci., 10, 184 3 -1 854.

With N.Y. Rutter. A geo-ecological terrain analysis of discontinuously frozen ground in the Upper

Mackenzie River Valley, Canada. Proc. 2nd. mt

. Cont. Permafrost, Permafrost Inst.,

Aced. Sic. U.S.S.R.. Yakutsk.

The

North American Contribution, Nat. Acad. Sci.,

Washington.. 101-105.

W

Micro-shear fabrics in soils of the Canadian North. Proc. 4th Int. Work. Meeting Soil

hlicronwrplwlogy. Department of Geography.

Q

u

een's

University, Kingston, Ontario,

655-664.

A bisequal, periglacial section of the hliramichi Valley, Eastern Canada. Can. I. Soil Sci., 54, 111-

113.

Linear-patterned slopes in the Discontinuous Permafrost Zoe of the central Mackenzie River

Valley, Aitic, 27, 265-272.

Landscape mappitgin the Mackenzie River Valley. Artic. 28, 284-294.

Landscape mapping and classification in the

southern

and central Mackenzie River Valley, N.V.T.,

Canada. Proc. Can. Assoc. Geog

i.. Vancouver, Session 8, Biogeography

and

Soils, 156-

163.

Shearing

of Gleysols and Luvisols with wetting. and Cryosols with freezing. Proc. Can. Soc. Soil

Brandon, Manitoba, 20p.

Patterned ground in the Maritimes, Canada. Bial. Per

yg

l., 26,199-204.

Changes in permafrost distribution in

northeastern

British Columbia. Artic, 30, 61-62.

A note on asymmetric valleys in the Central Mackenzie River Catchinent, Canada. Earth Surface

Processes,

2,42?-429.

The distribution and thickness of icy permafrost in northeastern British Columbia. Can. I. Earth

22L

15, 655-659.

Rapid changes in the distribution of soil drainage classes on Burnaby Mountain, British Columbia.

Can. T. Soil Sci, 59, 215-219.

Variations of pH with annual cumulative precipitation in acid forest soils. Can. I. Soil Sc.. 60,

385-387.

. ?

Terraced deposits in The Upper Blackstone River catclitnent, the Yukon. husk-Ox. 26,82-84.

Analysis of synergistic systems for evaluating terrain sensitivity to disturbance of icy permafrost

in the Mackenzie River Valley, Canada. Geoderma. 28. P-61.

-31-

---

Eaith Sciences: S.F.U.

Podoliet1on

57-61.

of soils under individual tree canopies in southwestern B.C., Canada. Geoderma. 28,

?

•

Some observations of volcanic ash soils in the

southern

Yukon. 1uzk-Ox, 31.

Variations of pH with annual precipitation in loamy forest soils. Can. I. Soil Sci.. 64. (in press).

Selected Research Publications: El.. Kictia

Channel morphology, bankfull stage, and bankfull discharge of streams near Sydney:

Australian Tournel of Science. 1968, Vol. 30, No. ?. p. 274-275.

A newly identified process of point bar formation in natural streams: American Journal of

Science. 1969.Vol. 267. p. 999-1010.

The terraces of

the

Lower Colo and Havkesbuiy drainage basins, New South Wales:

Australian Geo

g ra p

her. 1970. Vol. XI, No. 3, p. 278-287.

with Page. K. J

. ,

The

age of valley fills in the Sydney Basin: Search. I 971,Vol. 2, No.10, p. 383-

384.

Pseudomeenders end point dunes - a flume study: American Journal of Science. 1972, Vol. 272. P.

762-799.

The

development of meanders in natural river channels: American Journal of Science. 1974.

Vol. 274,

p.

414-442.

with

Manson, G.C., The

character of channel migration on the Reatton River, Northeast British

Columbia, Canada, Geolo

g ical Society

of America Bulletin, 1975, Vol. 86,

p.

487-494.

The analysis of river planform responses to changes in discharge: In K.J. Gregory (editor), River

Channel Chaies, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 197?,

p.

249-263.

Hydraulic factors controlling cizazuwl migration: In R. E. Davidson - Arnstt & V. Nickling

(editors). Research into Fluvial S

y

stems. 19?7. GeoAbstracts, Norwich. p.59-66.

Ileen flow-structure in meanders of the Squemish River, British Columbia: Canadian Journal of

Earth Sciences. 1978, Vol. 15, No. 11, P. 1833-1849.

Concave-bank benches on the Squamish River, British Columbia, Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth

Sciences. 1979,Vol 16, No. 1,

p.

200-203.

Hickin, E. J

.

, 1980, Seismic Velocities of unconsolidated sediments in the Vancouver area of

British Columbia: The Canadian

Geographer.

1980, Vol. XXIV. No.4, p.411-416.

River channel changes: retrospect and prospect: International Association of Seidmetologit

Special Publication, Vol. 6,

p.

61-83.

with Nenson. G. C., Channel migration and incision on the Beatton River: Journal of the

H

ydraulic

En

g

ineerjn. American Societ

y

of Civil En

g

ineers. 1983. Vol. 109. NO-3.

p.

32?-

337.

with )Janson. G. C., Closure to discussion of"Channel migration and incision on the Beatton

River", Journal of H

y

draulic EMineerin. American Societ

y

of Civil En

g

ineers. 1984,

Vol.110. No. 11, p. 1683-1684.

with Nanson. G. C., Lateral migration rates of river

bends:

lournal of H

ydraulic

EMineering.

American Society of Civil

E ngi neers,

1984, Vol. 110,No. 11, P. 1557-1567.

Vegetation and river channel dynamics: The Canadian Geograp

her. 1984 Vol. XXVIII, No. 2, p. 111-

126.

with Brierley, G., The downstream gradation of particle sires in the Squemish River, British

Columbia: Earth Surface Processes and Landlorms, 1985, Vol. 10,

p.

597-606.

?

Concave-Bank Benches in

the

Floodpleins of Iluskvm and Fort Nelson Rivers, British Columbia:

The Canadian Geographer, 1986,Vol 30, N62, p. 111-122.

- ?

with Nenson, G.C., A statistical analysis of bank erosion and channel migration in western

Canada: Geolo

g

ical Societ y

of America Bulletin. 1986, Vol. 97,

p

.

497-504.

Lateral migration rates of river bends: In P.N.

Cheremisinoff,

N.P. Cheremisinoff, and Si..

-32-

---

Earth Sciences: S.F.U.

Cheng

(editors), Handbook of Civil Eneering

.l 987, Technotnic Publishing. Hasbrouck

Heights, Nj..V61.4, 57 p., in press.

with Sichingabula, RJI..Tbe geomorphic impact of the catastrophic October 1984 flood on

the

planform of Squamish River. southwestern British Columbia: Canadian lournal of Earth

Sciences, 1987, in press.

Selected

Research

Publications:

1 Iatchiaaoa

The Pleistocene Period and Plant Evolution in

the

Amazon Basin. Int'l. Geo*i. Union. Montreal.

Geographical Context of Field York in British Honduras. In Pines of Central America.

Organization for Tropical Studies, Costa Rica.

Ecological Modelling and the Stand Dynamics of Caribbean pine. Can. Assoc. 6eox.. Vancouver.

With N.C. Roberts. Vertical variation in steinflow generation. I. A

pp

lied Ecolo gy

. 18,521-527.

Vegetation-environment

in relations in a brackish marsh, Lulu Island, Richmond, B.C. Can. I. Rot.,

60,452-462.

Selected Research Publications: li..C. Roberts

With D. hark. The Use of Trend Surfaces in Till Fabric Analysis. Can. I. Earth Sci... 7, 4, 1179-

. ? 1184.

With P.C. Elingemen.

The

Influence of Lendform and Precipitation Parameters on Flood

Hydrography. 1.H

y

drol.. 11, 393-411.

With D.M. hark.

The

Use of Trend Surfaces in Till Fabric Analysis: A Reply. Can. I. Earth Sri.

. 8,

9,1167-1169.

Streamflow and Drainage Density. Seminar in Water Resources, Technical Report No. 21,

Hydromechanics Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, 10p.

With P.C. lUingeman. The Relationship of Drainage Net Fluctuation and

Discharge.

Int'l. GaoL 1,

189-191, 22nd Intl. Geographical Congress, Montreal.

Watershed in

the

Rural-Urban Fringe. National S

y m p

osium on Watersheds in Trensitio 300-306.

American Water Resources Association Conference, Fort Collins, Colorado.

With D.W. Waldrip. Slopes in Indiana. Proc. Ind. Aced. Sci., 81, 251-257.

(eohydrologic Factors Involved in the Location of Sanitary Landfill Sites. B.C. Geo*. Ser.. I?

(Tantalus Research Ltd., Vancouver), 113-118.

With DA. Cobb. Horton's 1945 Study: A cartobibliography. Bulletin Gaol. Soc. Am... 84, 2733-

2736.

With J.R. Chiesa, J.C. Randolph and R.S. Howe. A Lend Ca

p

abilit

y

Model for the Lower Lake Monroe

Watershed. Purdue University Water Resources Research Center, Technical Report *66.

27 p.

With H.H. Grey, R.S. Howe, J.C. Randolph and N.L. White. Lake Monroe Land Suitabilit

y

Stud

y : A

Technical Rep

ort on a Selected Portion of the Lake Monroe Watershed. School of Public

and

Environmental

Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington. 406 p.

Variations of Drainage Density in a Smell British Columbia Watershed. Water Rae. Bull, 14, 2..

470-476.

. ?

Drainage Density Variations of the Morainic Landscapes of Northeastern Indiana. Zeitscbrift für

Geotner pholo

g

ie. 22,262-471.

The Use of Computer Graphics in the Evaluation of Sanitary Landfill Sites. Cam

p . & Gra

p

hics, 3,

-33-

---

Eth Sciences: S.F.U.

167-169.

With J.J. Hidore. A Laborator

y

11aa1 for Ph

y sical

Geo g rap h y .

Burgess PublishingCo.,

llisneapolis, 220 p. (2nd edition).

With JA. Randolph and J.R. Cbiesa. A Land

Suitability

Model for the Evaluation of Land-Use

Change. Envir. !l

g

nt. 3, 4, 339-352.

With I. Hutchin g

on. Vertical variation in stemf low generation. T. A

pp lied Ecolo

gy

. 18.521-52?.

With D.R.

Ybitehead.

The

palynclogy of ran-marine Neogene deposit in the Yilliamette Valley,

Oregon. Review of Palaeobotan

y and Pal

y nolo g

,. 41, 1-12.

WithKil. Rood.

The

role of ice contributing area in the morphology of transverse fjords, British

Columbia. Geo

g

rafiska Annaler. 66A(4), in press.

The late Cenozoic geomorphology and stratigraphy of

the

southern Williamette Valley. Oregon. In,

V.C. liahaney (ed.). Correlation of Quaternary Chronclo

g

ies. GeoBooks, Norwich.

The geomorphology and stratigraphy of the Lizard Loess in south Cornwall, England. Boreas, 14,

75-82.

Selected Research Publications: RE. Sager

Meteorological and Glaciological Observations on the Gilman Glacier, Northern Ellesmere Island,

1961. Geo

g

. Bull., 22,13-57.

Glaciological and Climatological Studies on the Barnes Ice Cap, 1962-64, Geo

g.

Bull.. 8,1,3-4?.

O.H. Loken. Mess Balance Observations on the Barnes Ice Cap. Proc. Berne Symposium 1968,

September. Int'l. Assoc. Scientific Hy

drology

79, 282-291.

Bio1oics1 Sciences

Faculty teaching Earth Science courses:

Mathewes (palynclogy, peleoecology)

Courses with paleontological leanings:

DISC 337 Comparative morphology, distribution and evolution of vascular plants.

DISC 400 Evolution

DISC 434 Peleoecology and Palynology

Selected Research Publications: R.V. lietbewee

With &C. Brooke. Fossil Texodieceae and new angiosperm macrofossils from Quilchena, British

Columbia. S

y esis,

4,

209-216.

With C.E. Borden and 61. Rouse. New radiocarbon dates from the Tale area of the lower Fraser

River Canyon, British Columbia. Can. 1. Earth Sci., 9, 1055-1057.

A palynologicel study of postglacial vegetation changes in the University Research Forest,

southwestern British Columbia. Can. I. Bot.. 51, 2085-2103.

With G.E. Rouse. Palynslogy and paleoecology of post -glacial sediments from

the

lower Fraser

Canyon of British Columbia. Can. 1. Earth Sci.. 12, 745-756.

Pollen analysis at Glenrose. In: The Glenrose Canner

y

Site (R.G. Matson. ed.). National Museum ?

of Man Mercury Series, Archaeological Survey of Canada, Paper No. 52, 98-103.

?

The environment and biotic resources of the Lillooet area. In: Re

p

orts of the Lillooet

-34-

---

Eetth Sciences: S.F.U.

Archaeological

p

roject No. 1, Introduction and Setti. (A.H. Stryd and S. La'wlkeed,

eds.). National Museum of lien Mercury

Series.

Archaeological Survey of Canada, Paper

No. 73, 68-99.

Pollen morphology of some western Canadian Iiyriol)hyllum species in relation to taxonomy.

1.Bot.. 56,1372-1380.

With H.H. Birks. Studies in vegetational history of Scotland. V. Late Devensian and early

Flandrien pollen and macro-fossil stratigiaphy at Abernathy Forest, Inverness-Shire.

New Pl

y

tol.. 80,455-484.

A

paleoecological analysis of Quadra Sand at Point Grey, British Columbia, based on indicator

pollen. Can. 1. Earth Sci.. 16,847-858.

Pollen morphology of Pacific Northwestern Polemonium species in relation to paleocolog.y and

taxonomy. Can. 1. Earth Sci.. 57. 2428-2442.

With

3.K

.

White, R.W. Ifethewes and W.H. Mathew. Radiocarbon dates from Boone Lake and their

relation to the 'Ice-free Condor' in the Peace River District of Alberta, Canada. Can. I.

EartltSci... 16,1870-1874.

Pollen evidence for

the

presence of Tall Jocob'a-Ladder (Polemonium caeruleum L.) on the Queen

Charlotte Islands during late-glacial time. Sy

esis. (In press.)

With J.W. Westgate. Bridge River tephre: revised distribution and significance for detecting old

carbon errors in radiocarbon dates of liminc sediments in

southern

British Columbia.

Can. T. Earth Sci.. 17, 1454-1461.

With L.E. Heusser. A 12,000 year palynologjcal record of temperature and precipitation trends in

southwestern British Columbia. Can. ].Dot. 59, 707-710.

With J.J. Clague. Stretigrephic relationships end paleoecology of late-glacial peat bed from the

•

Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Can. T. Earth Sci.. 19,6.1185-1195.

With J.A. White. Holocene vegetation and climatic change in the Peace River District, Canada. Can.

J. Earth

Sci..

19, 3, 555-570.

With J.J. Clague, R.V. Ilethewes and B.G. Werner. Late Quaternary geology of eastern Graham

Island,

Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Can. I. Earth Sci.. 19, 9, 1786-1795.

With

311.

D'Auria. Historic changes in an urban watershed determined by pollen and geochemical

analyses of lake sediment. Can. I. Earth

Sci.,

19. 11, 2114-2125.

With B.G. Warner and

3 . 3 . Clague. Ice-free conditions on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British

Columbia, at the height of Lake Wisconsin Glaciation. Science. 218, 675-677.?

With B.G. Warner and

3 . 3 .

Clague. Geology and palececology of a mid-Wisconsin peat from the

Queen Charlotte Is1ends, British Columbia, Canada. Oust. Rea., 21, 337-350.

With R.J. Hebda. Holocene history of cedar and native Indian cultures of the North American

Pacific Coast. Science.

225,711-713.

With D.S. McLennan. Pollen transport and representation in the Coast Mountains of British

Columbia. I. Flowering phenology and aerial deposition. Can. T. Dot.. 62, 2154-2164.

Physics

Faculty teaching Earth Science courses:

Huntley (ercheeometry, thermoluminescence dating)

Courses with partial Earth Science content:

0—

WA

---

Eeith

Sciences: S.F.U.

PHYS 181 Introduction to physical science in archaeology

?

0

Selected Research Publications: D

.

J. E*tJ.ey

With D.E. Nelson. On Radiation and Thermoluminescence, Current Anthro

p

ology.

16,670-671.

With H.P. Jobnson. Thermoluminescence as a Potential Means of Dating Siliceous Ocean Sediments.

Can. T.

Earth

Sci...

13, 593-596.

Experiences with an Alpha Counter. Ancient TL.

1.3-6.

With D.C. Bailey. Obsidian Source Identification by Thermoluminescence. Archaeometry, 20,

159-170.

The Effect of Sample Reflectance in Alpha Counting. Ancient TL.. 4, 2-3.

With A.6. Wintle. Some Aspects of Alpha Counting. Council of Euro

p

e PACT Journal,

2, 115-119.

With F.J. diSalva and T.M. Rice. Effect of Electron-Phonon Scattering on Charge Density Wave

Transitions. iFlws.C.. 11. L?6?-L770.

With A.G. Vintle. Thermoluminescence Dating of

Ocean

Sediments. Council of Euro

pe PACT

lournal. 3, 373-380.

With A.G. Wintle. Thermoluminescence Dating of a Deep-Sea Sediment Core. Nature.

279, 5715,

710-712.

With A.6. Wintle. Thermoluminescence Dating of Ocean Sediments. Can. I. Earth Sci., 17, 348-

360.

With 6 .V. Berger, P.J. Kulbern. Isolation of Silt-Sized Quartz Grains from Sediments. Ancient TL.

11,8-9.

With 6 V. Berger. Thermolimt esoence Dating of Terrigenous Sediments. Council of Euro

p

e PACT

lournal (proceeding of a specialist seminar on thermoluminescence dating, Oxford,

September). In Press.

With A.B. Cormie, D.E. Nelson. X-ray Fluorescence

as

a Practical Instrumental Technique for

Finger-Printing Tepbra Samples Found in Archaeological Deposits. Proceedings of the

NATO Advanced Study Institute, 'Tephra Studies as a Tool in Quaternary Research"

Lavgarvatn, Iceland, June 18-29.

With A.G. Wintle. The Use of Alpha Scintillation Counting for Ifeasuring Th-230 and Pa-231

Contents of Ocean

Sedim

ents. Can. I. Earth Sci., 18.419-432.

With P.J. Ilulhern and G.V. Berger. A Technique for the Magnetic Separation of Silt-Sized

Sediments. 1. Sedimentary Petrology, June, 672-674.

VithA.B. Connie and D.E. Nelson. Identifying Tephras by Alpha Counting. Can. I. Earth Sci.. 19,

662-665.

With A.G. Viattle. Thermoluminescence Dating of Sediments - A

Review.

Quaternary Sci. Reviews.

In Press.

Faculty teaching Earth

Science

related courses:

Fladntark

Nelson

Courses with partial Earth Science content:

ARCH 410

?

Advanced archaeometry

?

0

-36-

---

Eezth Sciences: S.F.U.

._

?

ARCH ?

411

?

Archaeological dating

ARCH ?

438

?

Geoerclieeology

Selected Research Publications: KR F1sd.ark

A Pa1eoeco1ogcal ilodel for Northwest Coast Prehistor

y

. Mercury

Series

43, Archaeological Survey

of Canada, Ottawa..

319 pp.

Routes: Alternate migration corridors for early man in North America. American Antiquity.

44(1): 55-69.

Valentine, K.W., Fladmerk, K.R.

end

B.E. Spurling. The description chronology and correlation of

buried soils and cultural layers in a terrace section.

Peace

River Valley, B.C. Canadian

lournal of Soil Science, 60: 185-19?.

Iiicrodebitage: Initial Considerations. lournal of Archaeological Science, 9(2): 205-220.

Times and Places: Environmental correlates of hid-to-Late Yisconsinan human population

expansion in North America. In: Earl

y

lIen in the New Worl4, It. Sbutler, editor, Sage

Publications, Beverly Hills-London, pp. 13-42.

Selected Research Publications: BE. lelBon

"A study of send movement in Western Lake Ontario using neutroit-activable glass sad.' J.P.

Coakley, R.V. Durham. D.E. Nelson and R.Y. Goble. Proceedings of the International

- ?

Symposium on Interrelationships of Estuarine and Continental Shelf Sedimentation,

Bordeaux. Published in liemoires de 1'Institute de Geologie du Bassin d'Aquitaine,?,

363-368.

"Techniques for tracing sediment movement.' D.E. Nelson and J.P. Coakley, Scientific Series No.

32, Inland Waters Directorate, Canadian Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington. Ontario.

40p.

"Characterization of Pacific Northwest Coast obsidian by X-ray fluorescence analysis." D.E.

Nelam Jil. D'Auria and R.B. Bennett. Archaeoxnetr

y,

17. 1,85-9?.

"Uses of x-ray fluorescence analysis in Archaeology." Erie Nelson, S

y esie.

8191-95.

'A criticism of 'Hazards of radiography and high-energy light exposure for

thermoluminescence

analysis' by Hit Rowlett." D.E. Nelson and D.J. Huntley. Current Anthreoolo

gy

.

16, 4,

6?0-6?l.

"Obsidian sources in the Anabim Peek area." D.E. Nelson and George Will. Current Research

Reports, Dept. of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Publication No. 3, 151-154.

'Carbon-14: Direct detection at natural concentrations." D.E. Nelson, R.G. Korteling

and WI.

Stott. Science. 198, 50?.

"Report of a preliminary reconnaissance of a portion of lit. Edziza Provincial Park." KR. Fledmerk

and D.E. Nelson, submitted to the provincial Heritage Advisory Board. Nov.

"Results from

the

Simon Fraser-llcllaster Universities carbon dating Project." D.E. Nelsm R.G.

Korteling. D.G. Burke. J.W. licKay

and

W.R. Stott. Proceedings of the First Conference on

Radiocarbon Dating with Accelerators. University of Rochester, April 20. Editor, H.E.

. ? Gove.

"Report on the analysis of obsidian artifacts." D.E. Nelson, submitted to 6. lIacdoneld, National

liuseum of lien. Ottawa. Jan. 5.

-137-

---

Ewth Sciences: S.F.U.

Techniques for the direct measurement of natural

0 Be and

14 C

with a tandem accelerator."

Southan. D.E. Nelson, R.G. Kortelin, I. Nowikow, E. Henxnaren. J

.

McKay and D. Burke.

Accepted for publication in an American Chemical Society Monograph series, July 21.

'Pacific Northwest tephra identification using KES. NAA and alpha-counting analysis A.B.

Cormie, O.K. Nelson and D.J. Huntley. In 'Teplira as a tool in Quaternary Research.'

Editor D. Reidel. H4igls Press.

An Ion injection

system

for use in tandem accelerator radio-isotope dating devices.

m

D.E. Lobb,

JR. Southon, O.K. Nelson.

V.

Viesehahu and R.G. Korteling. Nuclear Instruments and

Methods, 179, 171-180.

'Dietary information from d

13

C

and d

15 N

measurements

on human bone

s

B.S. Chiahoim,, O.K.

Nelson and HP. Schwarcz. Proceedings, Symposium on C-14 and Archaeology,

Gronangen. (in press).

"The preparation ofa lOBeatandard

.

1

J.Southon,J.Thorson, DI. Nelson, R. Korteling, J.S. Vogel,

Ti. Ku, J1.

Reyss

and

I. Nowikow. Proceedings, Symposium on accelerator

Mess

Spectrometry. Argonne National Laboratory (in press).

drIdentifyingteplras by alpha-counting. A.B. Connie, D.J. Huntley and D.E. Nelson. Canadian J.

of EarthPhya., 19, 662-665.

liatkestics

Faculty with research interests in Earth Science:

Shoemaker

Stephens

Courses with potential Earth Science content:

MATH

?

362

?

Fluid Mechanics I

MATH ?

361

?

Mechanics of deforrneble media

MATH ?

462 ?

Fluid Mechanics II

Selected Research

Publications:

Eli. Shoeiker

Creep rupture of rotating disks and thin shells of revolution. Trans. Amer. Soc. Mechanical

Engineers

,Ser.E, 32, 607-610.

Creep slump in glacier reservoirs - theory and experiment. I. Glaciology. 27, 393-406.

With L.W. Ilorland. Ice. Shelf balances. Cold Re

g ions Science and Technology

. 5,235-251.

A glacier flow model incorporating deviation stresses. I. Glaciolo

g

j. 30, 334-340.

Selected Research Publications: UA. Stepkea

Multi-sample tests for the Fisher distribution for directions. Biometrika. 56,169-183.

EDT statistics for goodness-of-fit and some comparisons. I. Amer. Stat. Ass., 69, 730-737.

Axial

and

biomodal data on the sphere, in 'A1ied Statistics (RI. Gupta, ed.), N.Y., North-

Holland Pubi. Co.

Vector correlation. Biometriks. 66,41-48.

Use of the von Ilises distribution to analyse continuous proportions. Biometrika. 69,197-203.

-38-

---

Earth Sciences: S.F.U.

.

Che

mistry

Faculty with research interests in Earth Science:

D'Auria

Course with Earth Science interest:

CRE1I 371 Chemistry of the Environment

Selected Research Publications: J.fl.

B'Aizria

With B. Bennett. The Application of Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy to

Determining the Provenience of Obsidian. International Touxnal of A

pplied

Radiation

and Isotop

es. 25, 361-371.

With D.E. Nelson and B. Bennett. Characterization of Pacific Northwest Coast Obsidian by X-ray

Fluorescence Analysis. Archaeometr

y,

11, 85-97.

W i

th I.G. Stump, J.D. Popham and J. Kearney. Monitoring Trace Elements in the lluasel, Ilytilus

edulis, Using XES. henna Poll. Bull.. 10, 270-274.

JA. McClean, I.G. Stump and J

.

Holman

.

Monitoring Trace Elements in Diets and Life Stages of the

Onion Maggot, E

ylemy

a anti q

ue, with X-ray Energy Spectroscopy. The Canadian

Entomelog

ist. 111, 1293-1298.

With J.D. Popham and D.C. Johnson. Mussels (hlytilrxs

edulis) as Point Source Indicators of Trace

Metal Pollution. Marine Poll. Bull., Il, 261-263.

With J.D. Popham. Anon Ater

as

an Indicator of Terrestrial Environmental Pollution. Water. Air

& Soil Poll.. 14,115-124.

With T.E. Ward, P.P. Singh, Di.. Friesel, A. Yavin. A. Boron, 6. Sheffer and M. Dillig.

Radiochemical Study of the Combined (r,p

0

) and (r,g) Reactions on Bismuth with Proton

from 62 to 480 11eV. Pitys.

Rev. C24, 588-598.

With C. Nichols. Seem and Location Differentiation of Coal Specimens Using Trace Element

Concentrations. The Anal

y

st. 106, 874-882.

With J.D. Popham. Statistical Models for Estimating Seawater Metal Concentrations from Metal

Concentrations in Mussels (h1ti1us edulis). Bull. Environm. Content. Toxicol., 27. 660-

670.

With J.D. Popham. A New Sentinel Organism for Vanadium and Titanium. Marine Poll. Bull.. 13,

25-2?.

With j.D. Popham. Effects of Season and Seawater Concentrations

on

Trace Metal Concentrations

in

the Organs of hl

ytilus

edulis. Arch. Environm. Content. Toxicol.. 11, 273-282.

?

With R.W. hletitewea. Historic Changes in an Urban Watershed Determined by Pollen and

Geochemical Analysis of Lake Sediment. Can. Tour. Earth ScL, 19, 2114-2125.

With J. Volley. Geranium in an Ancient Tree Using X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy.

Anal yst.

10?, 1279-1282.

With J.D. Popham. Combined Effects of Body Size, Season and Location on Trace Element Levels in

hlytilus edulis. Arch. Environmn. Content. Toxicol.. 12, 1-14.

With B.E. Snow, R. Shutter, Jr., and J. Payne. Archaeological Ceramic Differentiation Using Trace

. ?

Element Patterns. Can. I.

Chant. (In

Press.)

With J.D. Popham. A Statistical Approach for Deciding if Mussels (h1ytilxs edulis) have been

- ?

collected from a water body polluted with trace metals .Envirotin. Sci. and Tech.(subtnit.)

-39-

---

Ea,th Sciences: S.F U.

S

p

ecialized Laboratories and Euiment

De partment

of Geography

Geomorphology Laboratory:

a teaching and research facility vith sediment

analysis equipment (several rhotap mechanical analysis

vibrators,

visual

accumulation tube, automatic fine sediment analyser, thin-sectioning

instruments, balances, microscopes and general laboratory facilities).

Biogeography

Laboratory:

a

teaching and research facility 'with a variety of

bioanaiytical equipment (computerized spectrophotometer, incubators,

facilities for palynologicat and dendrochronological analyses) and general

laboratory facilities.

Remote Sensing and Computer Cartography Laboratory:

a teaching and

research facility housing advanced electronic instrumentation for

photogammetry, surveying and automated cartography (computer terminals,

G-2 stereocord, plotters and microprocessors.

Field Equipment:

Equipment presently used for Earth Science research includes --

4-wheel drive vehicle, several survey boats and outboard motors, heavy-duty

mounted drilling rig, portable refraction seismography, surveying

instruments, high-resolution recording depth sounder, a variety of portable

testing instruments (pH, soil strength, specific ion meters, etc.), field camp

equipment (tents, generators, stoves, etc.).

De partment

of Archaeology Laboratories end Equipment

Radiocarbon Laboratory: A

fully e

q

uipped and functioning radiocarbon dating

facility in operation

since

October 1979 (see Radiocarbon 24(3). pp. 344-1351.

1982). Samples are processed in a Phonon Mark IV combustion bomb and

converted to

benzene,

and counted

in

a Packard model 3255 Liquid Scintillation

counter, or a LKB Liquid Scintillation Counter, in a sub-basement room

shielded 'with 6 m of sand.

Zooarchaeology Laboratory and Collection:

i The laboratory includes research

space, microscopes and basic analytical equipment, for a collection of more

than 900 complete fish, mammal and bird skeletons from the Quaternary of

North America.

&eoarchaeology Laboratory: A

research and teaching space

including

equipment for basic granulometry end soil chemistry. Special equipment

includes a Nikon Labphot-Pol petrographic microscope with automated camera

I.

_40-

---

1 ?

4

Eesth Sciences: S. FU.

and epilluminator; a Nikon Sk-T polarizing research microscope; a Sartorius

2007 MP analytical balance; motorized diamond saw and thin-section polishing

apparatus, and a Bausch and Lomb Speclronic 20 photospectrometer.

Physical Anthropology and Forensic Laboratories:

These research and

teaching spaces include a large collection of human osteological remains and

analytical equipment, including X-ray apparatus.

Field Equipment:

A wide array of camping and surveying equipment including a

variety of optical transits, levels and elidades, cameras, soil augers, generators,

pumps, chainsavs, etc. The depa

r

tment

also

operates a 4x4 crevcab truck,

miscellaneous outboard boats, and a 40 diesel-powered research vessel (MV

Sisiutl).

De

partment

of Biolo

g

ical Sciences

The Biological Sciences Department at Simon Fraser maintains a variety of

services and equipment that would be valuable for a variety of Earth Sciences

research and teaching efforts. Of particular importance is the scanning electron

. microscope (SEM). Carbon/Nitrogen analyzer usable for sediments, and the

p

alynology/paleoecology research laboratory which houses coring equipment,

preparation and analytical areas, reference collections of pollen and

spores,

and

reprint collections.

Department of Physics

A modest investment in Earth Science research has been made in the Physics

Department byD.J. Huntley. The main thrust of the research effort here has been the

development of a technique of dating sediments using the thermoluminescence of

their minerals. As an aid to this a technique has been developed for determining the

uranium and thorium contents of samples by alpha counting. In turn this last

has

led

to a new method of determining Th-230 and Pa-231 excess contents in ocean sediments

and hence the

determination of sedimentation rates. Relevant imUortant eauiimpm

includes

two thermoluminescence measuring apparatuses, two alpha counters, a

magnetic separator, and radioactive sources. The Department also has an X-ray

diffraction analyzer which can be used for mineral analyses. A small X-ray

fluorescence apparatus is currently being assembled and this can be used for

elemental analysis and also for 'fingerprinting' (by trace-element analysis) such

- ?

things as volcanic ash and obsidian.

-41-

---

Esith Sciences: S.F.U.

A2 Appendix 2

External Referee Reports on the B.Sc.. Program

The Earth Science Program Committee decided that once a proposal had been

developed it would be sent to a group of distinguished Earth scientists for their

review. This was done in May 1984.

The reviewers

were:

.

Dr. R .N. Earvolden

Department of Earth Sciences

University of Waterloo

Dr. N.V. Rutter, Chairman

Department of Geology

University of Alberta

Dr. Ni). Smith

Department of Geological Sciences

University of Illinois at Chicago

Dr. E.R.V. Neale

Academic Vice-President

Memorial University, Newfoundland

Dr. E.A. Keller

Department of Environmental &

Geological Sciences

University of California

Santa Barbara

Dr. D. Tempelman-Kluit

Geological Survey of Canada

Vancouver, B.C.

These reviews were positive and very supportive of the proposal. The reader

should be aware in reading these letters that

the picnt

p

t

vpoxfd isthe reruft of

zht trnth

t

cc'on. io

the

ziw p

s ürnrnent..

In several

letters reference is made to options in the final year of the major but these have now

been removed. The options were modest degrees of specialization in the final year but

the reviewers strongly supported the notion that the degree should be one that offers

a rounded geological education. In addition, the present proposal includes a stronger

foundation of practical fieldwork than was proposed originally.

- 42 -

.

---

University of Waterloo

Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

N2L3G1

Faculty of Science

Department of Earth Sciences

519/885-1211

Telex Number

069-55259

May 28, 1984

Professor M. C. Roberts, Chairman

Earth Sciences Committee

Department of Geography

Simon Fraser University

Burnaby, R.C.

V5A 1S6

Dear Professor Roberts:

I have examined your proposal for a Department of Earth Sciences

at Simon Fraser University. Indeed, a strong case can be made for a

Department of Geology as an essential academic component of any modern

major university because of the importance of "understanding Earth resources

and their conservation". This is especially applicable to British Columbia

because of the unique geological setting of the province.

On the other hand, a case can be made that this is already being done

at SFU through courses taught by the Department of Geography. More faculty

and courses could be added to augment this activity without establishing a

new department.

But the main purpose of establishing a new Department of Earth Sciences

is to ensure that SFU has a place in this sector of science and society.

Again, British Columbia is a special place in this regard, and the field

is too important to you to be served by anything less than a regular

department.

The question then arises as to what kind of department should it be.

I agree fully with your position that above all, the new department not

duplicate what is now being done by way of teaching and research at UBC.

You will find that some duplication is unavoidable, but that should be

accepted. The whole exercise should be regarded as a wonderful opportunity

to do something new - to create an undergraduate program and a research

program that is truly innovative and different, taking advantage of past

experience in Canadian universities without the burden of traditions and

inertia.

---

a

?

I

.

?

Professor M. C. Roberts

Page 2

May 28, 1984

I would focus the program a little more sharply than is done in the

proposal. At the beginning at least, the theme of the new department

should be clearly defined. What about environmental geology as a main

theme? This would include your 1) Quaternary geology and geomorphology,

2) Sedimentology and sedimentary petrology (emphasize Quaternary and

modern sediments and present-day erosion), as well as hydrology,

"geotechnique" and terrain analysis. Geostatistics is an excellent

supporting theme and computer modelling should be included. My sug-

gestion would be to emphasize the effects of extraction of coal (or

other minerals) rather than the geology of coal.

Of course this reflects my strong bias which stems from my belief

that we all want to have department and courses just like those we knew

so well as students, and also that almost all geology undergraduate

programs in Canada today include the same courses as they did in 1930:

Some of them are even taught the same way, I suspect.

Comments directed at more specific details of the curriculum are

listed below.

• ? 1) The emphasis is reasonable and appropriate and the criticism?

above is based on personal interests.

2)

I believe you are attempting too much for a new department.

Five new options is too much to start. It may dilute your

efforts and resources.

3)

I believe you are proposing too many courses. Invariably, new

departments go through a period of constant changes in courses.

It's easier to start out with a minimum of core courses and

then add new courses or divide old courses as required.

4)

I am surprised to find that computer science is not a require-

ment in the first or second year. Use of computers should be

a requirement for most of the courses in third and fourth year.

Yours very truly,

'VV /

R. N. Farvolden

Professor

RN F : cm

U

-

I/'/-

---

THE UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA

DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY

?

EDMONTON, CANADA

TOG 2E3

?

S

June 20, 1984

Dr. M.C. Roberts

Earth Sciences Committee

Dept. of Geography

Simon Fraser University

Burnaby, B.C.

V5A 1S6

Dear Mike:

Re: Earth Sciences Department Proposal

Thanks for sending me your proposal for an Earth Sciences Department

at Simon Fraser. Needless to say, I'm all for it. I was surprised that

a department was not established at the very beginning of the University.

All in all, your program looks reasonable. You have included most

core courses but one could argue that there is not enough of some and none

of others. For example, there is no principles of geological mapping (2nd

structure course), geotectonics (plate tectonics), no separate course in

petroleum geology, ore deposits, or clay mineralogy. Probably one semester,

of geophysics is not enough and there is certainly not enough geochemistry.

For your information, I have enclosed our course requirements for speciali-

zation and honors and the course descriptions. As you can see, we require

a strong general background with only a few options in the fourth year. This

way we can protect our students from over-specialization that may limit

their employment opportunities. This, I think, is your biggest weakness.

The student has too many options without being totally grounded in basic

geology.

I feel that our graduates, even though they have some options, say in

petroleum geology, could still qualify as a coal or economic geologist, etc.

Having been in the business since 1912, our graduates in industry say we

should keep our program fairly general - they (industry) can teach special

skills that they may need for a specific job. I should add that 80% of our

graduates go into industry at the B.Sc. level

Specifically on your options - I find that Quaternary geologists are

only employed at the graduate level . If they get proper grounding in geology

at the undergraduate level, they have no time for the number of subjects

and courses (many from other departments) that a Quaternary geologist needs

today. I would say that my students in the Master's or Ph.D. level would

.12

17fl

The UniversityofAlberta

?

75thAnñiversàry

1982-83

S

.

---

Dr. M.C. Roberts

?

./2

qualify as both Quaternary geologists and environmental geologists. In other

words, they get a dosage of natural science subjects as well as engineering

subjects (from the geotechnical engineering department). This way they could

work for an engineering firm, exploration company (boulder tracing) or a

research outfit (government or university).

Your geostatistics option has me a little confused. We consider geo-

statistics a tool in solving geological problems. We require a course in

geostatistics (Geol 580) which isn't enough, but really leave it up to the

student to get more statistics through options if he or she is inclined that

way. We do not sacrifice basic geology.

So my message is to concentrate on geology and minimize specialization.

On the undergraduate level you really can't have a "soft rock" leaning - remem-

ber "hard rocks" produce the "soft rocks". Of course, on the graduate level

this philosophy is entirely different.

One minor point, joint appointments can be a real pain. You may find

with some that dual loyalties are an excuse not to satisfy either program.

.

?

?

1 hope I have added a bit to your deliberations. Good luck on your

proposal. Please keep me informed on what is happening.

Sincerely,

N.W. Rutter

Professor and Chairman

NWR/ea n

End

1•

.

-

---

&A

THE

UNWERSITY

Of.

ILLINOIS

CHICAGO

College of Liberal Arts and Sciences

Department of Geological Sciences

Box 4348, Chicago,

Illinois 60680

(312) 996-3154

May 29, 1984

Dr. E. J. Hickin, Chairman

Department of Geography

Simon Fraser University

Burnaby, B.C.

Canada U5A 1S6

Dear Ted:

I am pleased to learn that your university is considering the etablishuEnt

of an earth sciences department, and am glad to offer some opinions

requested in your letter.

First of all, being a product and participant of the American university

system, certain operational and philosophical differences with

the Canadian view of university education exist at the outset.

There is probably no point in ray addressing these differences,

but they certainly do affect my opinion of what is and is not an

"appropriate" course structure for an undergraduate geology

("earth science") program. I taught at the University of Alberta

for one year, so I have at least a minimal understanding of how

your system works.

I have wondered for a long time why Simon Fraser doesn't have a

geology department already. I would venture to guess that it is

the largest and most established university in Canada without

one. This is especially surprising given the role of geology

(and geologists) in Canada's economy. According to Bailly's

recent discussion (Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull, 1984,

p.

257-264),

Canada has the largest ratio of geologists to population of all

the major western countries (twice that of the U.S.A.), and falls

behind only the Soviet Union and Iceland for the rest of the

world. Has the presence of nearby UBC been a deterrent? One

must look hard in the U.S.A. to find a university even

approaching "major" status that lacks a geology or earth science

department. Clemson is the only one that cones to mind.

—1/7--

.

---

[i

.

Page 2

Dr. E. J. Hickin, Chairman

Two of the principles/guidelines put forth by your Senate committee, b

and d in your letter, press me to comment. Why should there be a

"soft rock" emphasis? If this is a temporary situation dictated

by present faculty specialities, then fine, but I don't see it to

be a wise long-term strategy mainly because I don't think

undergraduate degrees should be so confined and specialized.

How many 18-year-old high school graduates are mature enough to

pick Simon Fraser over say UBC because of its "soft rock

emphasis"? And what about the third-year student who decides he

likes mineralogy or geophysics better? For much of the same

reason, I don't understand why you should worry about duplicating

the UBC program. It's hard enough to find a high school graduate

who is convinced he/she wants to study "geology" at a university,

let alone this specialty or that. Perhaps this specialty

emphasis and nonduplication principle is a tactic designed to

enhance approval of the new department from university and/or

provincial administrators. If so, then your programmatic choices

may be constrained for the time being, but I think a long term

goal for the BS major and honours degrees should be better

balance, with no particular concern for duplicating UBC.

Turning to your specific questions:

1.

Is the basic science core sufficient? Yes, I think so. The year

each of chemistry, physics, and math through calculus is similar

to the requirements of most undergraduate geology programs, and

the biology and statistics requirements are good additions though

not generally required elsewhere (at least not in the USA). On

the other hand, at least one semester of computer programming

could be required instead of just recommended. Perhaps you could

consider two semesters of programming (CMPT 101-4, 104-1) or one

programming plus an additional semester of statistics as an

elected alternative to the two semesters of biology. The

chemistry, physics, and calculus requirements shoäld be sacred.

2.

Are there any important omissions in the geology core?

NO;

in

fact I think there are too many required upper division core

courses, but this may reflect my "American university" bias.

Aside from Field Camp, Geophysics, and possibly Sedimentary

Petrology and a combined Igneous/Metamorphic Petrology course,

I would not require any of the other upper division core

courses listed on

p.

7 of the proposal. Soil Geography seems

particularly unnecessary as a requirement. On the other hand,

if the remaining core courses were electives for which courses

in other departments could be substituted, more flexibility

could be built into the program without necessarily losing

quality. Bright undergraduates might be better served by

allowing (encouraging) them to take additional advanced

coursework in mathematics, computer science, physics, chemistry

---

Page 3

Dr. E. J. Bickin, Chairman

or engineering than to be loaded down with unneeded geology

courses. I note that neither physical chemistry,

differential equations, nor fluid mechanics are listed among

the "recoinnnded" courses from other departments. Many of our

sharper undergraduates take one or more of these in

preparation for graduate school later on.

3.

Are the options sufficient in nuirber? If I believed these were

desirable at all in an undergraduate program, I would say nQ

because I don't agree with the soft-rock emphasis (or any other

"emphasis"). There should be more breadth (e.g., "hard-rock't,

geophysics, paleontology), assuming there are faculty to teach

the necessary courses. My answer, I guess, is a double-no:

no, because there are too many specialized options (meaning more

than zero), and no there aren't enough options if we're hell-bent

on having them! Again, my institutional bias shows. I have no

opinion on an Economic Geology option.

4.

Given the range of options proposed, are there any advanced

course that should be added? They look reasonable, though

the inclusion of economic geology and rock mechanics in the

Geostatistics Option seems arbitrary. Advanced sedlinentology

would seem to be as suitable as biostratigraphy in the

Coal Geology option. I'm not sure what coal geologists do

these days anyway. Is there a real demand for graduates

from such a specialty? I would bet that graduates from a

"geophysics option" would have an easier time finding

employment, which I assume is a principal goal of such an

intensely specialized undergraduate program.

I hope these comments are of some use, and that your proposal

meets smooth sailing. An earth sciences department at Simon

Fraser is long overdue.

No doubt we'll cross paths, but nay our next mutual field trip

be less sodden than the Scottish one!

Best wishes,

Norman D. Smith

Professor of Geological Sciences

!DS : me

---

Im

LJI

0—

?

MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND

St. John's,

Newfoundland, Canada A1C 5S7

Qffi ce

of

the Vice- President (Academic) ?

Telex: 016-4101

Tel.: (709) 737-8246

July 25, 1984

Professor N. C. Roberts

Chairman, Earth Sciences Committee

Simon Fraser University

Burnaby, B.C.

V5A 1S6

Dear Mike:

Belated congratulations on your proposal to establish a

Department of Earth Sciences at S.F.U. Your letter came at the

• ?

beginning of two months of meetings and holidays, was placed in a

briefcase for answering en route, disappeared in a briefcase shuffle,

only to resurface a few days ago. Sorry!

I am very impressed with your plans. The idea of a rather

different, in fact almost unique department of earth sciences will not

only be a great asset to S.F.U. but will be welcomed by students and

professionals across the country. It complements the UBC program and,

I imagine, will draw students who seek a different approach just as

Waterloo's innovative emphasis drew undergraduates who wanted a different

emphasis from the traditional offerings of Ontario universities.

Academically your Lower Division core looks very sound and

very rigorous. I have one query -- the semester hours add up to 60

(24

+

36) out of the first 60 which doesn't allow much flexibility for

the student who wishes to work a few Arts courses in with his/her

Science courses in order to impart some balance to university education.

Also, one must remember the criticism from all segments of government

and industry of the students who couldn't write or speak intelligibly.

Could you not combine sedimentology and stratigraphy and drop one of

the biology courses at that level in order to broaden the student?

The Upper Division core courses provide a solid background

in geoscience. I wonder, however, if you are not offering too wide a

variety of final year options, each with requirements that are rather

too precise. Why not two broad options: one in geomorphology/

. ?

sedimentology and the other in economic geology, with the possibility

of taking lashings of statistics and computer science or digging further

---

-2-

into chemistry and geochemistry? At the undergraduate level, a course

in directed reading or an honours thesis surely would be ample to emphasize

coal geology, environmental geology, geostatistics, or whatever.

The minimum of 6 semester hours in Arts, etc. seems low but,

I imagine, that is an unfortunate University regulation -- just as is

the minimum of one Science (or Math) course for Arts students in most

Canadian Universities. Come the Revolution and we'll return to the good

old days when Science majors took masses of languages, economics,

political science, etc. and Arts majors took chemistry, physics and

geology!

I naturally like the interdisciplinary emphasis and hope that

your joint appointments will be genuinely active in teaching, e.g.

chemists teaching parts of the geochemistry courses and physicists

looking after wind blown sand and parts of hydraulics. It is a great

education for those in our sister sciences to become involved in earth

science courses. In time it opens up whole new vistas to the better

ones.

You are wise indeed to draw upon the wealth of government

and industrial geoscientists in the Vancouver area as adjunct professors.

You are lucky to have so many first rate people in your backyard. I

presume you are forming a Dean's Advisory Committee or something of the

sort that will involve such people from the start so that they feel they

have helped shape it. Such a committee, with rotating membership from

government, industry, and another university, is a guarantee of good

health to any department in the sciences.

I hope you will set up the M.Sc. program at the same time that

you establish the B.Sc. in earth sciences. Having a few good graduate

students around to act as counsellors to the undergrads and as catalysts

to faculty research is essential to a flying start.

Best wishes for the success of a great enterprise.

Sincerely yours,

kJW1

E. R.

Vice-President (Academic)

ERWN/ gw

.

-5,--

---

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA BARBARA

0

?

BERKELEY • DAVIS • IRVINE • LOS ANGELES • RivEasmE • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO

?

SANTA BARBARA • SANTA CRUZ

DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES

?

?

SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA 93106

June 8, 1984

Dr. E. J. Hickin, Chairman

Department of Geography

Simon Fraser University

Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6

Canada

Dear Dr. Hickin:

Thank you very much for sending me a copy of your proposal for a

department of earth sciences at Simon Fraser University. I am sorry to

have taken so long to respond to you. I returned last year from my sab-

batical leave and my schedule has been very hectic indeed. I have not had

sufficient time to make a complete review of your proposal but I thought I

would at least pass on some general comments. The basic science core

appears sufficient with the possible exception that I believe that students

should take differential equations. It always seems disappointing to require

students to take calculus yet never really apply it. I was pleased to note

that you will also be requiring a statistics course for the students. I

think that is very important indeed. The geology core courses look fairly

comprehensive to me. However I am not sure that all students need take

paleontology. For some of the emphasis it will be important and for others

certainly it will be less so. I think one of the most important aspects of

any geology or any earth science department is to offer a really good solid

undergraduate education. As such I am not sure that the options that you

offer are really necessary. The entering level for geology is a masters

degree and I wonder if it's a wise idea to specialize very early in a

student's career. For example, I would like to see more basic courses at

the undergraduate level. Areas such as geophysics, geochemistry, and advanced

structural geology are very important. It has been my experience that students

that have a very solid background in the basics may go a number of directions

at graduate school. I also think that your proposed program is a bit light

on field work. I think it's a good idea to have several field courses prior

to the field camp. You might want to have a freshman level course that would

simply introduce students to field methods and perhaps some limited exercises.

A second course then might involve actual mapping and other projects to

better prepare the students for the more extensive field camp. Here at the

University of California, Santa Barbara we have an extensive field program

and I think the students really benefit from that. Concerning your igneous

sedimentary and metamorphic petrology courses, I am not convinced that a

whole semester need be given to metamorphic petrology. If I were designing

the curriculum I might have three courses in petrology, but assign the work-

load a little bit differently so that more emphasis is given to igneous and

sedimentary rocks.

.

.

-

---

Dr. E. J. Hickin, Chairman

June 8, 1984

Page Two

I see in reading your proposal that you are concerned about the

unnecessary duplication of geology offerings at other Canadian universities.

I think you should not be too concerned about this if you are going to

offer a basic geology or earth science curriculum. There are ce,jn things

you are just going to have to cover and by necessity then you're'1o7have

duplicatióh. I believe the weakest part of your proposal involves the

students having to. pick a specialization at the undergraduate level. I

would rather see all students take basic courses in geophysics, geochemistry,

advanced structural geology, global tectonics, and field courses.

Again thank you for letting me take a look at your proposal. I wish

you all the best in establishing a department of earth sciences at Simon

Fraser University.

Sincerely,

E. A. Keller

Associate Professor

Environmental Studies and

EAK:ed ?

Geological Sciences

S

-53-

---

I

.Energy, Mines and

Resources Canada

Geological Survey of Canada

100 West Pender, Vancouver

V6B 1 R

nergie, Mines et ?

Ressources Canada

Commission geologique du Canada

100, ouest, rue Pender. Vancouver

V6B 1R8

.

Your file

?

Votre rélérence

Our file ?

Noire référence

May 23, 1984

Dr. Mike Roberts

professor and Chairman

Earth Sciences Committee

Department of Geography

Simon Fraser University

Burnaby B.C. V5A 1S6

Dear Mike:

Thank you for letting me have a look at your proposal for

establishing a Department of Earth Sciences at SFU. I have been

on a field trip and to the GAC meeting at London, hence the

delay in my reply.

My first reaction to the proposal is that its high time for

a second earth science department in B.C. As the proposal points

out with the quotation from Neale and Armstrong, it is

inconceivable that the university does not offer some of the

basic courses in geology. It is stranger still that the province

only has one geology department. An Earth Science department at

SFU will therefore fill two voids. Such a second department can

be a complement to UBC's department, not competition. Each group

can stimulate and support the other. A second department can

open the way for mutually beneficial cooperative efforts.

I think the proposal is brief but thorough and compliment

you on the thought that has gone into its preparation. I

particularly like several of the ideas it incorporates.

Specifically the desirability of unifying under one banner a

number of individuals and courses taught currently by faculty of

various departments. The concept of using adjunct professors to

fill certain teaching needs is progressive and a good way to

accomplish the job without having to hire a lot of new staff. I

also like the idea of a co-op program.

I am concerned that the program you have outlined requires

specialization at too early a stage and that it has too many

options. The overwhelming need in the profession generally is

for well trained generalists, not for people with specialized

training at an early stage. In the end you are surely aiming to

produce employable geologists. I suggest more emphasis on a

solid undergraduate course, perhaps without any options. There

is plenty of room for such a product: few Canadian Geology

Departments are now turning out well prepared generalists. Such

students can always specialize as the job requires, but the

reverse, namely that they will get their general training after

having specialized, is unlikely.

Canada '

-5q-

---

Why not consider an undergraduate program which includes

most courses of the various options. Thus the following courses,

listed as optional, might be required of all students: Advanced

Sedimentology, X-ray Mineralogy, Economic Geology,

Biostratigraphy, Basin Analysis, Fluvial Systems, Introductory

Rock Mechanics, Geostatistics, and Geology of Mineral Deposits.

A good case can be made that each of these is necessary to a

general geological degree.

My other general comment concerns field training. Few

Canadian students are getting anything approaching a good

grounding in field geology. I suggest early field courses

perhaps when the students first come to the department and

repeated for several years. Field training used to come with

summer work in Canada. Because there are progressively fewer

such jobs now a gap has formed: you can fill it. Quality field

training would make your proposed department attractive to

students and your graduates attractive to prospective employers.

I suggest two or three graduated field courses emphasizing

different kinds of rocks and spread over several years.

I am uncertain about the kind of person are you trying to

attract in the Geostatistics Option? A mining engineer, a slope

stability type? Surely someone with a general background can

cover or learn the specialty, whatever sort of job he/she will

end up doing. The same applies to the Coal Geology Option. What

kind of person, what kind of job? A big problem in understanding

the geology of coal deposits is in unravelling their structure.

The other important concern around coal deposits is getting a

handle on the coal quality from the petrology. Therefore it is

critical to have someone with a thorough grounding in structural

geology and coal petrology here.

I think I have answered some of your specific questions Iin

the foregoing harangue. Namely, Is the basic science core

sufficient, does it contain an unnecessary number of courses?

and Are there important omissions in the core program? To the

question of an Economic Geology Option I answer yes, but within

the context of the foregoing you perhaps don't need it. This

specialty will be well served if you go the route outlined. Your

fourth question concerns additional advanced courses that should

be offered. The only one I think you might consider adding is

third or fourth year level structural geology course.

To summarize: the proposal as it stands looks like it is

motivated by the idea of getting all earth science related

professors into, one department but not by a plan for a focussed

new entity. This needs to be corrected. I don't feel that the

niche you plan to carve for yourselves, namely the "softrock"

route, is a unique new offering and I feel you are selling

yourselves short by offering it amongst several other options.

Instead I suggest going for one strong undergraduate course with

a broad general grounding and few options. I suggest inclusion

of several graduated field courses as part of such a program.

There is plenty of room for such a department in Canada.

Mike, I hope this is useful to you. I certainly think you

should forge ahead and will discuss this further if you wish.

Sincerely,

55

?

Dirk Tempelman-Kluit

S

S

S

---

Eoith Sciences: S.F.U.

0—

A3.

Appendix

3

External referee reports on the graduate program

These letters of evaluation 'vere solicited by the Assessment Committee chaired

by the S.F.U. Dean of Graduate Studies. This Committee

y

es

charged 'th the

task

of

evaluating the M.Sc. program of the proposed Department of Earth Sciences. The

letters form tvo groups: those presenting the UB.C.

viev,

and another consisting of

responses from the much 'wider Earth science community encompassing university,

industry end government.

1. External referee reports

2 UDC. correspondence

-56-

---

Earth Sciences: S.F.U.

0

Appendix 3

Q

?

I. External Referee Reports

-57-

---

I

,

Energy, Mines and

- ?

Resources Canada

Geological Survey of Canada

100 West Pender. Vancouver

V6B1R8

Energie.

Mines et

Ressources Canada

Commission géologique du Canada

100. ouest. rue Pender. Vancouver

V6B 1R8

DEC 2286

DEAN OF GRADUATE

?

STUDIES OFFICE

.

Your file

?

Voire ,élrence

December 19, 1986

?

Our file

?

Noire réfè,ence

Dr B.P. Clayman

Dean of Graduate Studies

Simon Fraser University

Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6

Dear Dr. Clayman:

Thank you for letting me preview the proposal for the new

Master of Science program in Earth Sciences. I have read the

document carefully and compliment you on what you have put

together. I encourage you strongly with the concept - the

opportunity for B.C. to have a second Earth Science program to

augment that offered at UBC is a positive step. I only have a

few specific comments, but will address your three specific

questions first.

Is the academic quality of the M.Sc. program comparable to,

or higher than, that of other programs with which you are

familiar? As far as I am able to judge from the writeup the

course requirements and the course list are fine and the

proposed program looks adequate. I know that I'm preaching to

the converted when I remind you that the quality of the eventual

program. will depend largely on what actually gets taught in the

courses, which depends mainly on who does the teaching, and on

how loaded down those individuals are . with other duties, how

well their efforts are integrated and how well the effort is

supported through resources. The resources question is

addressed nicely in the document and they seem adequate - they

have been certainly been carefully considered. This leaves only

the most important, and least quantifiable, question - who will

teach. ?

The academic quality of the proposed program depends

?

heavily on the answer.

Here I would urge you that the proposed new Earth Science

program be built around new faculty - specifically new

geologists - as now conceived it is to be largely staffed with

. . . /2

Canada

" .

-59-

.

.

---

-2 -

existing faculty and aims to draw mainly on them for its energy.

. ?

Without taking anything away from the individuals this will give

you an Earth Science program in name only.

Given that understanding the makeup, disposition, properties

and origin of surface materials is critical to predicting and

managing man's intelligent use of the surface environment

justifying the need and identifying the customer for the program

is easy. It is difficult to estimate the future demand for

graduates and the number of students likely to seek admission to

the program- your second and third questions. The answer will

vary with economic climate. Forecasting this is not my game and

I am not going to try here. Your most informed answer may come

from someone in a university department in western Canada that

runs similar programs.

I reiterate some points from my original response to the

proposal. We need more and better instruction in field geology

not just in B.C., but in Canada generally - many geology

graduates are uncomfortable with real rock exposures. We need

more glacial geology . and glacial geomorphology - these are

becoming lost arts. We also need more engineering geology than

is currently being taught. The proposed program can fill one or

more of these voids.

I have a few minor specific questions - what is the

.

?

difference between the proposed "Clastic Sedimentology" and

"Physical

Sedimentology

a

courses and between "Fluvial

Geomorphology and Fluvial Sedimentary Systems courses?

I trust that these comments are useful to you and urge you

to press ahead with this initiative.

Yours truly,

Dirk Tempelnian-Kluit

Research Scientist

.

-59--

---

•1 ?

AN

OFFICE

MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND

?

St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1C 5S7

Office of the Vice-President (Academic)

?

Telex: 016.410I

Tel.:

(709) 737.8246

January 5, 1987

Dr. B. P. Clayman

Dean of Graduate Studies

Simon Fraser University

Burnaby, British Columbia

V5A 1S6

Dear Dr. Clayman:

This is in reply to your recent letter asking

for my views of the proposed M.Sc. program in earth

sciences at S.F.U. I have read the program outline,

consulted with two colleagues, Dr. John Gale (an

engineering geologist) and Dr. Robert Rogerson (a

physical geographer) and declare myself generally

in favour of the program but with some serious queries

and reservations.

The idea of initiating a modest program in

graduate studies is sound. Not only is a program

required to complement UBC's offerings but that School

and the province would benefit from some serious

competition. The idea of focussing on areas where

you already have a creditable reputation, faculty

in place, and adequate facilities and equipment is,

a good one. I like the idea of recruiting part-time

students from industry and providing them with opportunity

for academic upgrading and I like the idea of recruiting

part-time faculty members in special discipline areas.

My guess is that this will fill a pressing provincial

need and, if done very carefully, can be done well.

That said, my reservations are best expressed

by answering your specific questions:

(1)

?

Concerning academic quality -- it is hard

to state whether or not it is comparable

to that of other programs because much will

depend on what is taught under the various

subject headings (course outlines were not

'S

---

-2 -

included with the program outline) and even

more on who will teach it. Also, much will

depend on whether a thesis is required (not

clear in your outline) and, if it is, what

sort of standards will it have to meet.

The outline suggests that it is an optional

single course equivalent.

If the thesis is optional and the

M.Sc. can be gained by course work alone,

a six-course program in which several of

the courses are methodological suggests a

light weight degree. If a solid, publishable

thesis is required, then five courses in

addition to it present a time-consuming obstacle

course.

Although you plan to offer an unusually

wide range of courses for a new program,

some of the core courses of an admittedly

Quaternary specialization would seem to be

missing. Many of your graduates who are

not proceeding on to Ph.D.'s will likely

• ?

become involved in such mundane things as

waste disposal, groundwater contamination,

and various engineering projects. For this

reason, I would expect courses in hydrogeochemistry

and contaminant hydrogeology to have a prominent

part in the program. Also, many of the graduates

are going to work closely with engineers

and will have to understand the language

of engineers. For this reason, I would expect

the offering of rigorous courses in soil

mechanics and fluid mechanics.

My hope is that you are requiring

a sound foundation in basic sciences and

mathematics as an entry to this program and

that some of the topics I have mentioned

above will be covered under existing course

headings, e.g. hydrometeorology and groundwater

hydrology.

Superficially, however, the program

has a "soft science" aspect which may be

more akin to Waterloo's environmental M.Sc.

than to its very successful earth science

M.Sc. I would suggest that a geological

. ?

or geotechnical engineer be included among

the sessional instructors hired. One or

-10/-

---

3

two such people should eventually be considered

for full-time positions in Earth Sciences

with a Quaternary emphasis.

(2)

Future demand -- at present, judging by course

offerings, I would guess that you are catering

to too narrow a group and that you will fill

the demand in a few years. However, if you

produce people suitable for the ever-growing

fields of contaminant geology and engineering--

related earth science, then your enrolment

predictions are realistic.

(3)

I am in no position to give an estimate of

the numbers who would seek to be admitted

-- except to state that if you advertise

it well you should have all you can handle

initially. After that it will depend on

what you turn out and the reputations of

those identified with the program.

I enclose, with his permission, the memorandum

that Professor Rogerson sent to me on your program.

You will note that I disagree with his opinions on

the enrolment of part-time graduate students and

the use of part-time faculty members. His experience

is based on the local scene where we have only a

small scientifically-educated population to draw

upon. I have seen this work well elsewhere, as you

must have, and it is one of the attractive aspects

of the program. Professor John Gale, who had a very

successful career in the Waterloo program before

joining us at Memorial, is enthusiastic about a similar

program in British Columbia but feels that as proposed

it is rather a smorgasbord offering that may lack

vigour. He would be pleased to correspond-further

with you or your colleagues on the subject.

I hope this is helpful. All best wishes.

Sincerely yours,

H

E. R. W. Neale

Vice-President (Academic)

ERWN/gw

c.c-. Dr. John Gale-

Dr. Robert Rogerson

?

-

---

*P,177

MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND

?

St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9

Department

of

Geography

December 30, 1986

N

DEC so1986

Telex: 016-4101

Tel.: (709) 737-7417/8

TO:

?

Dr. E.R.W. Neale, Vice President(Academic)

FROM: ?

R.J. Rogerson, Head, Department of Geography

SUBJECT: M.Sc. in Earth Sciences at Simon Fraser University

I welcome the establishment of a Master of Science in the Earth

Sciences at Simon Fraser University. I have not seen the proposal for the

undergraduate program referred to, nor know the identity of faculty who will

be hired, have been hired, or seconded to the department. Were SFU to

follow the practice of MUN, the make-up of the department, the degree to

which faculty are research and graduate-student oriented, would be important

In defining what type of program and which specific courses are offered.

• Graduate instruction is a specialized and highly demanding area of academic

responsibility, and quite frankly, not all faculty are up to it. The idea

of using "sessional instructors from the local geoscience community for

those courses where campus expertise is lacking" is likely to be a poor

Idea. Our experience at MUN is that such people are appropriate for a

seminar, a lab, an excursion, a lecture or two, but never for a course at

the graduate level.

My experience at MUN is that part-time graduate students are a

big problem. They seldom develop a sense of identity with department or

supervisors, and are usually reluctant to consult closely with supervisors.

Their work in courses and in theses (which usually take forever!) Is often

of marginal academic value, though businesslike and usually well presented.

They write reports which are usually heavy in description, but lightweight

in perception and real thought. In geography we no longer accept

part-timers, but insist that all MA or MSc students are full time for at.

least one semester. I forecast that a program which has part-timers as its

core is a program which will face a mountain of logistical problems and will

wrestle with maintaining true academic standards.

The existing courses and those proposed are, I assume, of one

semester duration. There is no single focus; particularly odd are Coal

Geology, and Subsurface techniques (mining, exploration, survey?) which may

serve a local need, but which do not match well with the other topics.

Perhaps they represent the interest of one of the projected faculty.

The program Is not clear to me. EASC 600 is compulsory, but Is

EASC 800, the MSc Thesis? If not problems will ensue. A 6-course MSc is

too weak if it is a course only program and would not provide an adequate

Introduction to doctoral work. If the thesis is compulsory, and subject to

external examination (therefore having to meet a general Canadian Masters

---

Dr. E.R.W. Neale

Page

December 30, 1986

thesis standard), five other courses may be too many. At MUN, 2 courses is

the minimum, and few programs which produce graduates within 2 or 3 years

have as many as 6 courses.

The model proposed is not to my mind close to those at U of A and

U of W: both of which offer the PhD In earth. science areas.

Specific answers to the questions asked are:

1)

impossible to judge quality from this information. The

structure

is,

as yet, ill-defined. The calibre of faculty will be a

critical item.

2)

the demand for an EASC MSc Is undoubtedly there.

3)

no, but the estimates they provide are Impressively ambitious:

if they get them it will be a big program, not as here described, a small

one.

I recommend the proposal be carefully rewritten by an academic to

clarify some of the uncertainties I identify. I hope they get it sorted out

because I find it amazing that Universities in B.C. put so little emphasis

on undergraduate and graduate studies in Earth Sciences.

Robert J. Rogerson

Professor and Head

RJR:bam

_,L/_

.

---

I

JAN2WW

DEAN

OF

GRADUATE ?

STUDIES OFFICE

MLTILC CORP DT'A

TTO

January 26, 1987

Dr. Bruce Clayman

Dean of Graduate Studies

Simon Fraser University

Burnaby Mountain

Burnady, B.C.

Re : Geology Department and Masters Degree Program at SFU

Dear Dr. Clayman,

This letter is a response to your enquiry concerning the feasibility of a

separate Department of Geology or Earth Sciences at SFU, and the potential

effectiveness of a Masters Degree Program. As mentioned in our conversation a

few days ago, certain aspects are difficult to forecast, and the conclusions

must be regarded as tentative.

. ?

(1) ?

I fully support the principle that a Department of Geology be

established at Simon Fraser University. It is unrealistic that a school of

this

size

does not have a separately organized Earth Sciences unit. This area

of science is one of the fastest growing areas of knowledge, a fact which has

been recognized by many other Canadian universities which are smaller than

Simon Fraser. In my opinion, such a department should not attempt to be "all

things to all people" but should accept a more specialized role

in its

early

years.

(2)

A Masters Degree Program is a desirable adjunct to a Geology

Department. To be viable, which entails attracting candidates, it will need to

offer something different and/or better than can be obtained elsewhere in

Western Canada. The proposal aims at specialization in surficial and

environmental geology. These are certainly growing segments of Earth Sciences,

but have also attracted a lot of attention at other Canadian schools with the

result that similar emphasis has been taking place at many departments in

Eastern and Central Canada during the past decade.

(3)

The potential enrollment of students in a new department and for a

new post graduate course is very difficult to forecast. Interest has been

dramatically affected

in

past economic cycles by the perceived health (or

otherwise) of the resource industry. There Is currently something of an

over-supply of new geologists coming on the market. I suspect that many of the

../2

Suite 800 - 601 West HastinQs Street. P.O. Box 84, Vancouver, B.C. V6B 5A6 Telephone: (604)

669-8959

Telecopier: (604) 687-4030 Telex:

04-55590

---

Dr. Bruce Clayman

Simon Fraser University

Burnaby, B.C.

January 26, 1987.. Page 2

undergraduate students in new department of geology will initially be taking

courses as adjuncts to other major degree courses. In the Masters Degree

Program, I would not expect more than 3-5 applicants per year, unless a clearly

defined specialty exists which cannot easily be duplicated elsewhere in the

West.

(4) ?

It is also difficult to comment on the funding aspects of the

proposal. To do so wouldi require more knowledge of SFU and Its financial

resources and potential sources of funds than I have. One note of caution Is

that NSERC funds have been frozen by the Government so competition for

financial assistance from this source will be heavy.

I hope that these answers will be of some use to you and your committee. I

regret that I cannot be more specific. I am presently a member of the NSERC

Earth Sciences Committee, and will shortly be attending the Annual Review

Meeting in Ottawa. This usually provides much insight into current

developments in the Earth Sciences of Canadian universities. If there should

be anything relevant, I will relay it to you after my return in late February.

Yours sincerely,

/2-i

Hugh C. Morris

HCM/il•

.

S

I-

---

Earth Sciences: S.F.U.

Appendix 3

2. U.B.C. Correpondence

-67-

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THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

6339 STORES ROAD

VANCOUVER, B.C. CANADA ?

V6T2B4

rP74W86

DEAs ('F

.

E ]

DEPARTMENT OF?

GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES

December 22, 1986

Dr. B.P. Clayman

Dean of Graduate Studies

Simon Fraser University

Burnaby, B.C.

V5A 1S6

Dear Dr. Clayman:

In response to your letter of November 17, 1986 I enclose my comments on your

proposed M.Sc. program in Earth Sciences item by item as numbered in the

description you sent me. In addition, I offer the following response to the

specific questions you raise in your letter.

I. It is not possible on the basis of material supplied to evaluate the

academic quality of the proposed programs as no details are provided. It

seems likely however that the quality established by your Geography

Department will be maintained so tradition is in your favour.

2. Demand for Earth Science graduating students at all levels is remarkably

low relative to the past dozen years or so. In the mineral industry

optimists are anticipating slow revival of the industry but there is a

lot of slack to be taken up among unemployed earth scientists before the

employment situation can be considered rosy. The same arguement applies

to the Petroleum industry and geotechnical - groundwater hydrology

fields. Even environmental geosciences has not expanded to become a

major employer as might have been anticipated 5 to 10 years ago.

U.B.C. graduates (M.Sc. and Ph.D.) in earth sciences find either company

or government jobs or, as increasing numbers are doing, enter the service

contract market in which they end up with a series of temporary jobs

and/or part-time work. Present job prospects are dim and there is

substantial competition for jobs with clearly defined career progress

components.

.12

?

n

-'p

---

Page 2

Dr. B.P. Clayman

December 22, 1986

Others, less optimistic, look upon the mineral industry as a "Sunset

Industry" with decreasing potential for employment in the high cost North

American market. Employment in. the industrial minerals segment may

offset present decreased employment possibilities if a pronounced

economic expansion takes place in B.C., an unlikely scenario over the

short to middle term.

3.

I can add little to the estimates in the proposal except to relate them

to our experience at U.B.C. The Geography Department at U.B.C. has not

experienced dramatic increases in enrolment in graduate programs in

physical geography and geomorphology. Output of M.Sc.'s and Ph.D.'s

total 1 to 4 per year since 1979-80. Geological Sciences get half a

dozen requests per year for admission to graduate programs in structual

geology and hydrogeology. Some are referred to Geography, others to

Civil Engineering and some are accepted, particularly in groundwater

hydrology and more recently geotechnical aspects of geological

engineering such as slope stability and mass movement. Demand seems to

be more-or-less static in both Departments; certainly there is no large

horde waiting to enter these types of programs.

4.

Most new courses that form part of the proposed program have their

counterparts in graduate or (in a few cases) upper level undergraduate

courses at UBC. The only course for which there are no clearly

equivalent courses at UBC is EASC 680 (at UBC probably included, in part,

in Geol 445, Geop. 400).

Courses already In place at SFU reflect different emphasis than at UBC

even though some duplication is apparent.

In general, it appears that the newly proposed courses are almost

coincident with courses at UBC and except in archaeological and

Quaternary geology fields would represent duplication of effort with UBC

and divert competition for potential students.

. ?

. . . . .13

S

---

Page 3

Dr. B.P. Clayman

December 22, 1986

In general, my view is strongly against the SFU proposal for the very obvious

reason that we already have substantial and wide ranging but underfunded

earth science programs at UBC. Why produce another small department that

will be strained to fulfill the proposed aims and will certainly detract from

efforts to restore earth science at

UBC

to their position of 5 years ago,

particularly in times of decreased student demand.

In recent years Geological Sciences has had a net loss of more than 5 FTE

faculty slots not to mention losses in Oceanography, Geography, etc. Total

losses of professional earth science personnel at

UBC

are substantially

greater than the eight new faculty positions in the SFU proposal. Under

these circumstances it is difficult for me to support a program that is in

large part of duplication of courses and expertise here at

UBC.

I would, on the other hand, applaud continued support and growth in fields at

SFU that are already complementary to the expertise at UBC including

Quaternary Geology, Archaeology and remote sensing, in particular. It seems

to me that continued effort in these fields at the graduate level can be

accomplished easily through the Institute of Quarternary Research and that a

new Earth Science Department is premature at this time.

Yours very truly,

A.J. Sinclair

Head

Isg

H5/30

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DETAILED COMMENTS

ON PROPOSED M-SC. PROGRAM

?

IN EARTH SCIENCES

AT

SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY

BY

A.J. SINCLAIR

(Sections numbered as in summary of proposal).

(See also covering letter)

December 22, 1986

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II: PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. Objectives:

All are laudable although there is clear potential for duplication (not

necessarily bad) with offerings at U.B.C. Quaternary Science must

seriously overlap the Physical Geography - Geomorphology programs in the

Dept. of Geography, U.B.C., and will surely overlap geological

engineering and physical environmental studies in the Dept. of Geological

Sciences. This field has been recently supported at U.B.C. by the

appointment of a new faculty member in surf icial geology, Dr. K. Wayne

Savigny, Associate Professor.

Similarly, the field of

seditnentology

will potentially overlap comparable

work in our Departments of Geography and Geological Sciences.

Geostatistics at U.S.C. is taught at the undergraduate level in the

Department of Mining and Mineral Process Engineering and Geological

Sciences., and at the graduate level in the Department of Mining and

Mineral Process Engineering. Several graduate degrees in this field have

been awarded in the recent past and several are in progress.

AL,-am uncertainas to what is meant by the term environmental geosci e.

(gJ

i

-'

If

it includes physical aspects related to geotec nica matters or

j

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groundwater and surface waters then it will overlap and probably

duplicate programs in Geological Sciences and Geography. Similarly, we

have a long tradition in applied geochemistry, with its overtones of

environmental geoscience.

The foregoing details are mentioned to allow some perspective of the

extent to which the proposed S.F.U. program might overlap and/or

duplicate existing U.B.C. programs. I don't regard this as bad in

principal if there is adequate demand for graduates in these fields i.e.

is there some numeric justification to the programs.

2. Relationship of degree to the role and mission of the University.

The M.Sc. program is a "direct extension" of a proposed undergraduate

program. This need not be the case. Much of what is recommended for a

graduate program could be handled through an "Earth Sciences" Institute

without the necessity of a new undergraduate program. It is unfortunate

/ in my view that a fairly dramatic

_expansion_of earth science offerings is

J&L

4

"

being envisaged atatime when programs elsewhere at both the graduate

and undergraduate levels are undergoing retrenchment because of static or

seriously declining student enrolments.

lnsofar as the envisaged program further develops ongoing

SFU it can be handled as a multi-disciplinary Institute at

level and need not depend on a new expanded undergraduate

I

activities at

the graduate

program.

.

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3. The University of British Columbia offers graduate degrees in a variety

of Department's that qualify as earth sciences.

Geological Sciences (including Geological Engineçring)

Geography

Soil Science

Oceanography

Geophysics and Astronomy

In addition, some of our geological engineering students pursue M.A. Sc.

programs in Mining and Mineral Process Engineering (rock mechanics) and

Civil Engineering (Geotechnics) in fields with an important earth science

component as well as an environmental geoscience component.

4. Relationship to the Program at U.B.C.

The suggestion that U.B.C. cannot accommodate part-time graduate students

is incorrect. Of the four graduate students I am personally supervising

at the moment two are part-time. Page 132 of the present U.B.C. calendar

indicates that part-time study is accessible to graduate students in many

programs including Geological Sciences, Geography, Geophysics, Civil

Engineering, and Mining and Mineral Process Engineering, i.e. in ust of

the "earth science" departments on campus. The S.F.U. program is

therefore clearly not required for that particular reason.

• ?

Any Earth Science program at S.F.U. must necessarily duplicate

some aspects of programs at U.B.C., particularly as related to core

courses. However, it is desirable that S.F.U. programs complement those

at U.B.C. as much as possible rather than duplicate them extensively.

Quaternary research is clearly a field where both Universities have

existing expertise, at U.B.C. in Geography and Geological Sciences and at

S.F.U. through departments affiliated with the Institute of Quaternary

yesearch. It seems to me that it is preferable to strengthen existing

dlø ields

of expertise and perhaps each group develope new fields rather

P

/than knowingly duplicate stren th in a particular field such as

1

geomorp o ogy, or example.

Sedimentology is a traditional field of study at U.B.C. both in terms of

Quaternary Geology (Geography Dept.) and older materials (Geological

Sciences). The selection of sedimentology as a field of expertise at

S.F.U. is an expansion into a field with r mQLjplicatio

n

of U.B.C.

endeavours if some interaction between appropriate repritiiives of the

two schools is not forthcoming. The same could be said of the field of

environmental science, a somewhat nebulous term that should be spelled

out in detail and the program designed to complement U.B.C. offerings.

0 ?

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Mig,

crPi-1^

Geostatistics means

different

things to

different people.

?

Considering

--

the course offerings it is not clear to

me that there is any plan to do

research in geostatistics, rather it is

a tool to be applied to earth

science problems. ?

I believe that geostatistics

is essential in this

respect in all earth science programs.

If research were undertaken in

this field it is unlikely that it would

conflict with a geostatistical

research at U.B.C. which is very much directed towards mining and mineral

exploration - related topics.

oj

sej

JThe S.F.U. programs could have been complementary

to those at U.B.C. if

2

gi P• '

9discussions

had

taken place with U.B.C.

personnel as the S.F.U. program

j

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evolved over the past

few

years. ?

This

was not the case and the lack of

, 4

o

detail on how the S.F.U. programs will

be focussed leaves one in limbo

regarding the extent to which existing

and proposed earth science

programs will duplicate each other. ?

5.

Curriculum

In the existing courses there is substantial departure from what is

offered at U.B.C. Although some overlap exists, understandably, the new

courses for the most part have an exact counterpart in existing U.B.C.

courses. Of course, the contents of courses with comparable names

can

differ.

•,..,

J-'

/There Is no

J

that a clear

indication that a thesis is

distinction should be made

required.

between a

I personally believe

classical masters (with

thesis)

and

a "non-thesis" masters.

6.7.

Missing

Missing

?

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8. Consultation with Non-University Agencies.

I have only seen the responses of (g) six individuals across Canada and

the United States. The enthusiasm of distance and lack of awareness of

the local situation regarding University funding is clearly reflected In

their tremendously positive

and

now nutdteesponses.

There is no indication of serious discussions with appropriate U.B.C.

personnel.

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III: NEED FOR THE PROGRAM

1.

Rationale for the Programs

Academic: The justification here seems to be on the basis of mineral

wealth in the province but there is little indication that any of the

proposed programs are related particularly to the mineral industry. The

second area used to justify the programs, geological engineering related

programs, is clearly one of the strengths at U.B.C. Our groundwater

hydrology group is one of the best in North America. We have recently

added a geotechnical engineer - surficial geologist to our faculty. The

Geography Department also covers this type of training. Students from

these engineering and Quaternary programs, as well as from other

departments at U.B.C. are potentially involved in industrial minerals as

are graduates of more general geological programs. Part-time graduate

programs are commendable and have worked well at U.B.C. for some years.

In summary, the justification presented here clearly pertains to existing

programs at U.B.C. even more so than to the proposed SFU program.

2.

Enrolment

Evidence from people attending short courses of the Institute of

Quarternary Research borders on heresay and certainly does not constitute

•

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hard data regarding demand for the proposed M.Sc. program.

Experience at U.B.C. shows:

(1)

A small static demand exists for entry to both undergraduate and

graduate programs with a Geomorphology emphasis. There have been a

total of I to 4 graduating M.Sc. and/or Ph.D. students per year

since 1979/80.

(2)

There is a decreasing demand for entry to graduate geology

programmes at U.B.C., particularly by qualified Canadian students.

In Geological Sciences we have expertise in Coal Geology and Coal

Petrology, Sedimentology, Geostatistics, Groundwater Hydrology,

Surf icial Geology (incl. aerial photography and Remote Sensing),

for which we have maintained roughly constant graduate enrolment

over the past decade.

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Enrolment Predictions

Predictions listed do not appear unrealistic but are speculative. It is

unclear what proportion of existing Geography graduate students would be

perce i

ved as enrolling in the proposed programs. Four graduate students

per potential supervisor is probably optimistic but might be achieved.

Geological. Sciences at U.B.C. presently operates at an average of three

students per supervisor, a moderately heavy load when added to teaching

and other duties.

3.

Types of .Jobs for which Graduates Will Be Suitable

These comments are generally true but ignore the question of demand. At

the present time there Is a dramatic decrease in demand for earth

scientists with the principal exception being in the field of geophysics.

The Federal Geological Survey would not be a career track for many

graduates of this program because they hire scientists with a Ph.D. Even

provincial surveys prefer Ph.D.'s of their earth scientists.

Industrial jobs are not available to nearly the extent they were in the

recent past. There are many local geologists with Master's and Ph.D.

degrees who have lost their jobs in recent years leading to a tremendous

local surplus of highly qualified people who unwillingly were reduced to

part-time consultants and/or part-time service/contractual

professionals.

- ?

To imply there is demand for graduates of the programs by listing "jobs

for

that

which

restraint

the graduates

has had on

will

both

be

local

suitable"

and national

is to totally

hiring practices.

ignore the effect

?

is

IV: PRESENT AND PROJECTED RESOURCES

1.

Administrative Personnel

I Interpret this section to mean that in addition to the 2 1/2

administrative secretarial staff required for the proposed undergraduate

program an additional graduate secretary will be required.

2.

Faculty

The use of sessional lecturers from the local geoscience community is a

commendable approach to supplementing faculty expertise in my view, and

has worked well in the many ongoing cases where we have used this

approach in the Department of Geological Sciences at U.B.C. We have one

of the largest concentrations of earth science expertise in North

America in the Vancouver area and it is most appropriate that those

outstanding individuals outside the University be Involved as much as

possible in career-related programs at the universities.

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3.

Library Resources

It seems to me that if the thrust of this program were fully documented

it would be relatively easy to list journals, monographs, maps etc. that

will be required and then come up with a specific cost of additional

library resources. As an example, the DNAG publications on North

American geology will be essential to all Earth Science libraries at a

minimum pre-publication cost of $2,000. Costs of important books can

build up to a very high figure!

4.

Capital Costs

It seems to me this

1

section should include a detailed cost estimate.

5.

External Funds

No comment

A. • Sinclair

/ sg

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115 5/29

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THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

INTERDEPARTMENTAL MEMORANDUM

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TO: Dr., D. R. Birch

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FROM:

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