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S-91-37

SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY

V ice-President A cademic

To:

From:

Subject: Proposal for a Non-Credit

Date:

June 17, 1991

Certificate

(SCAP 91 - 23)

Action undertaken by the Senate Committee on Academic Planning and the Senate

Committee on Continuing Studies, gives rise to the following motion:

MOTION: "that Senate approve and recommend approval to the

Board of Governors, as set forth in S.91- 37

, the

proposal for a Non-Credit Certificate in Cross-Cultural

Management and Communication."

,k I A

SCAP

91-23

SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY

Memorandum

To: Dr. J.M. Munro, Chair

From: Jø Lynne Hoegg, Chair

Senate Committee on Academic

Senate Committee on

Planning

Continuing Studies

Re: Proposal for a Non-Credit Certificate Date:

June 3, 1991

in Cross-Cultural Management and

Communication

The Senate Committee on Continuing Studies has approved and forwards to the

Senate Committee on Academic Planning for consideration the attached proposal

for a certificate program

in Cross-Cultural Management and Communication for

business around the pacific rim.

The proposal meets the criteria for non-credit certificate programs, and will be

sponsored jointly by The David Lam Centre for International Communication

(Department of Communication) and the Faculty of Business Administration.

As the proposers wish to begin the program in September, 1991, it would be

most helpful if the proposal could be included in the agenda for the June 12

/ \

A proposed certificate program in

Cross-Cultural Management and Communication

for business around the Pacific Rim

Simon Fraser University

at Harbour Centre

Prepared by:

Dr. Jan Walls, Director

The David Lam Centre for

International Communication

Tanis Lee Dagert, Researcher

Office of Continuing Studies

The Cross-Cultural Management and Communication

Certificate Program

Summary

This is a proposed part-time, non-credit program aimed at those who engage or are planning to

engage in business in Asia or in co-operation with people from the Asia Pacific region. The

program will be a mixture of language, culture, communication, and business courses and

seminars aimed at increasing understanding and performance for better business between

cultures.

The program will be sponsored by the David Lam Centre for International Communication and

the Faculty of Business Administration. These departments will also be responsible for the

academic integrity of the program, including decisions about curriculum, instruction and

student performance. The Office of Continuing Studies will undertake the administration of the

program, including responsibility for student records. The courses will be held at SFU at

Harbour Centre.

The program is designed to:

Establish basic communicative competence through the study of a predominant language

and culture based in Asia.

• Increase understanding and performance in areas such as negotiation, conflict

management, and management skills for better business between cultures.

• Analyze, discuss, and debate strategies for clarifying and co-ordinating relationships in

business and management around the Pacific Rim.

• Identify and articulate cultural, managerial, and communication differences in

international relations, development, co-operation, economic and trade relations.

The program will offer the opportunity to Work with a diverse group of individuals interested in

the Asia Pacific region. It will be the first university program to offer a comprehensive

package of international business and cross-cultural communication skills, through part-time

study.

Participants will choose one of four Asian Language/cultures for Cross-Cultural Competence

(Japanese, Korean, Cantonese or Mandarin) plus any four of six new Business and

Communication courses in order to receive the certificate. Teaching methods will include

lectures, class discussions and case studies. Students will be evaluated on in-class participation

and course assignments. Participants must complete the program within two years.

Rationale

In order to remain competitive in the global age Canada must assume a strong political and

economic influence in the Pacific Rim. Advances in transportation and telecommunication

technology have linked Canadian business managers and many of their front line staff with joint

venture partners, sales or purchasing staff, and other international visitors from Asia and the

Pacific region. The city of Vancouver in particular is fast becoming a centre of international

business and cultural diversity. This increase in international, intercultural and interlingual

relationships hascreated a need for professional competence in context-sensitive cross-

cultural communication for effective co-operation. Canadians need to study the local languages,

cultures, social customs and ways of doing business in order to operate effectively in Asia.

Awareness of the need has already grown among the business, government, and education

communities.

Considerable interest has been fostered in the business and professional sectors in developing

cross-cultural competence with an Asian focus. At Simon Fraser University this interest has

been demonstrated by high enrolments by business, professional, and government people in

CMNS 346 (International Communication, afternoon and evening credit sessions offered at

Harbour Centre over the past two years), and by regular attendance at the Pacific Region

Business and Management Communication Forums. This interest has also been proven by the

dedicated commitment of business and professional people taking the immersion courses in East

Asian Languages for Cross-Cultural Communidation.

Simon Fraser University at Harbour Centre is already renowned for its innovative approach to

addressing the educational and professional development needs of working professionals. The

time is ripe to establish a program of part-time, non-credit study in the area of cross-cultural

communication and management designed for Vancouver's business professionals. Currently

there are no programs available which address the combined need for language and cross-

cultural competence with a focus on the Asia Pacific region.

SFU at Harbour Centre proposes to create a new program designed to increase the skills and

effectiveness of professionals who engage in business in the Pacific Rim The Cross-Cultural

Management and Communication program will offer a combination of language, culture, and

cross-cultural communication strategies. It will provide information about the values,

behavior, business practices and protocol necessary for creating long-term business

relationships with various counterparts from such countries as China, Japan, Taiwan, Hong

Kong, Korea, and other parts of South East Asia. The six new courses, when combined with

existing courses in cross cultural competence, will make an impressive and substantive

package, worthy of certification through an SFU non-credit certificate program.

International Business and Communication

Courses

At least two Business and Communication courses will be offered in each Fall (September to

December) and Spring (January .

to April) semester. The courses are six weeks in length and

will be scheduled on one evening per. week for a 3 1/2 hour duration (a total of 20 hours of in-

class instruction).

P_.^

The proposed Business and Communication courses are:

International Business: Structure and Cross-Cultural Negotiations

• International Communication

• International Marketing

• Cross-Cultural Conflict Resolution

• Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Acculturation

• Economic Geography of the Asia Pacific Region

These courses are designed to address the challenges of the increasingly international nature of

Vancouver's business, government, and educational communities. Because understanding is the

key to unlocking cultural barriers, the courses provide insights into the social and business

dynamics of the Pacific region nations. Students will gain practical strategies for overcoming

barriers in order to achieve successful partnerships with their Asian counterparts.

Immersion Courses for Cross-Cultural Communication

Participants will choose one of four Asian language/cultures (Japanese, Mandarin, Cantonese or

Korean) in which to become competent in both verbal and non-verbal situations. These

intensive courses are four and a half hours a day, five days per week for a total of four weeks.

Each language/cUlture is offered at various times throughout the year, usually at the beginning

of the month. Students will be able to establish basic communicative competence in 30

situations common to social and business life in their chosen language/culture.

Students who have already achieved basic communicative competence in one of the

language/cultures may be deemed to have satisfied this requirement upon passing an

examination administered by the David Lam Centre for International Communication.

Pacific Region Forum on

Business and Management Communication

Throughout the year experts in the areas of international business and diplomacy are brought in

to report, analyze, discuss, and debate issues concerning the Pacific Rim. The Pacific Region

Forum on Business and Management Communication are half day seminars designed to illustrate

improved business practices and management communication. They draw upon strengths of

various formal and informal business and communication strategies and practices in the Pacific

region. The Forums are scheduled at various times throughout the year and students in the

program are encouraged to attend.

Ins t ruct ors

Instructors for the program are drawn from the Department of Communication and the Faculty

of Business Administration. Instructors are well-qualified in their fields and have experience

teaching middle to senior level executives. The program will also involve experts from the

international business community as guest speakers and resource persons.

Eligibility

The program is designed for business people and other professionals engaging or planning to

engage in business in Asia or in co-operation with people from the Asia Pacific region.

Participants should have at least three years of professional or management experience and be

at the middle to senior level in their organizations.

Program Management

The proposed Certificate Program's administration (scheduling, room booking, advertising,

correspondence, registration, awarding of Certificate upon successful completion of required

courses) will be managed by Continuing Studies at Harbour Centre, in close consultation with

the David Lam Centre for International Communication and the Faculty of Business

Administration.

Budgetary Implications

All courses will be offered on a cost recovery basis, subject to enrolment, using a formula that

sets registration fees at a level to recover faculty stipends, advertising, administration

expenses and overhead costs. The David Lam Centre and Department of Continuing Studies will

transfer some start up money into a cost centre for the purpose of program administration.

THE PROGRAM:

IMMERSION COURSES FOR CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION

(Japanese)

(Mandarin)

(Korean)

(Cantonese)

one

of four Asian Language/cultures (Japanese, Mandarin, Korean, or

Cantonese) in which to become competent in both verbal and non-verbal situations. These

courses are taught and administered by the David Lam Centre for International Communication.

Teaching methodology emphasizes an audiovisual, interactive, context sensitive, situational

approach with special attention to the social, cultural, and business dynamics of the chosen

society. Students will be able to establish basic communicative competence in about 25

situations common to social and business life in their chosen language/culture such as:

• Initiating self introduction and exchange of business cards

• Describing one's company or service

• Performing basic social and business etiquette

• Making inquiries over the telephone

• Evaluation is conducted on an ongoing basis. Student performance in specified situations is

videotaped, evaluated and reviewed with students

BUSINESS AND COMMUNICATION COURSES

Students must complete four of these six courses.

International Communication

(Dr. Roger Howard)

This course will survey and interpret universals and variations in signification and sign

interpretation in international communication. Perspectives from which to identify and

articulate differences as well universal patterns in international business, development, co-.

operation, economic, and trade relations will be considered. Throughout the seminar,

comparative and contrasting examples will be drawn from sign systems and communication

practices current in the Asia-Pacific region.

International Business: Structure and Cross-Cultural Negotiations

(Dr. Rosalie Tung)

This course seeks to examine the opportunities and challenges of doing business with the Pacific

Rim countries, such as China, Japan Korea, and Hong Kong. The course will focus on the

corporate and institutional structures, processes, and outcomes of cross-cultural business and

negotiations between North Americans and Asians for the formation of co-operative business

ventures. The keys to success in doing business in Asia will be identified and discussed. The

parallels and differences among the Koreans, Japanese, and Chinese in terms of international

business and negotiation practices and procedures will be examined.

Cross-Cultural Conflict Resolution

(Dr. Dean Tjosvold)

Managing conflict well requires expressing views openly, understanding the other's perspective

and creating solutiOns. This course will use the conflict and cultural experiences of the

participants and involve them in role playing and other kinds of interactive and experiential

learning. Participants will learn important ideas about conflict management, become more

sensitive to how people of different cultures communicate their intentions while, in conflict, and

practice skills in managing conflict across cultures:

International Marketing

(Dr. June Francis)

Maintaining Canadian firms' competitiveness in the face of increasing global competition is of

critical importance to every Canadian manager. This course will explore the complexities and

uncertainties involved in doing business in a global marketplace. The objective of the course is

to provide students with frameworks, principles, and guidelines for successful international

marketing decision making. The marketing of goods and services with an emphasis on the Pacific

Rim countries will be explored. The course utilizes cases, lectures and guest speakers in a

seminar format.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Acculturation

(Dr. June Francis)

Thiscourse will address the adaptation and acculturation strategies of cross-cultural

management. The course will focus on the following challenges of cross-cultural management:

co-operation between managers at similar levels frOm different language/culture backgrounds

in the same corporatiQfl; co-operation between managers at different levels from different

language/culture backgrounds; co-operation between managers and employees from different

language/culture backgrounds; and the implications of different levels of language/culture

adaptation by expatriate or immigrant managers and employees.

Economic Geography of the Asia Pacific Region

(Elspeth Thomson)

This course offers fundamental geographic and economic information about each of the countries

in the Asia Pacific region. The resource bases, economic structures and strategies are compared

and an assessment is made of the relative economic performance of each over the past fifty

years. The economic relations among the countries of the region are analyzed, as well as the

past, present and future role of the region as a whole in international markets.

PACIFIC REGION FORUM ON BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATION

(Recommended)

Students are encouraged to attend the Pacific Region Forum on Business and Management

Communication seminars. Experts in the areas of international business, education and

diplomacy are brought in to report, analyze, discuss, and debate new and old strategies for

clarifying and co-ordinating relationships in business and management around the Pacific Rim.

The general purpose of the Forums is to draw attention to case studies that illustrate improved

management communication by drawing upon strengths of various formal and informal

strategies and practices in the Pacific region.

Expanded Course Descriptions

The following four courses comprise the core of the program. The courses will be held over six

evenings for. a 3

1/2

hour duration for a total of 20 contact hours per course. The courses will

be taught by existing Simon Fraser University faculty members from either the Faculty of

Business Administration or the Department of Communication. Responsibility for the academic

rigour of the curriculum and quality of instruction will be shared between the Fàcultyof

Business, Department of Communication, and Continuing Studies. Students must obtain a

minimum mark of 70% in order to receive a pass.

International Communication

(Dr. Roger Howard)

This course will survey and interpret universals and variations in signification and sign

interpretation in international communication. Perspectives from which to identify and

articulate differences as well universal patterns in international relations, development, co-

operation, economic, and trade relations will be considered. Throughout the seminar,

comparative and contrasting examples will be drawn from sign systems and communication

practices current in the Asia-Pacific region.

Texts

Luce, Louise F. and E.C. Smith,

Towards Internationalism.

(2nd edition)

Gudykunst, William B. and Young Yun Kim.

Communicating with Strangers.

Garden City, N.Y. , Doubleday & Co., 1976

(Plus an additional package of course readings and materials)

Class Participation

25%

In-class open book examination

25%

Final Paper

50%

Culture and Communication

Culture and Communication: The Cases of China and Japan

Man and Nature: East and West

The Role of Food in Chinese Culture

Cultural Aspects of Behavioral Expectations

Kinesics and Proxemics as Communication

International Communication and Development Co-operation: China

Business and International Communication: Japan

international Business: Structure and Cross-Cultural Negotiations

(Dr. Rosalie

Tung)

This course seeks to examine the opportunities and challenges of doing business with Pacific

Rim countries such as China, Japan, Korea, and Hong Kong. The course will focus on the

corporate and institutional structures, processes, and outcomes of cross-cultural business and

negotiations between North Americans and Asians for the formation of co-operative business

ventures. The keys to success in doing business in Asia will be identified and discussed. The

parallels and differences among the Koreans, Japanese, and Chinese in terms of international

business and negotiation practices and procedures will be examined.

• Harris, P.R. and Moran, R.T.,

Managing Cultural Differences,

The Meaning of Multinationalism and Comparative Management Frameworks

Understanding Cultural Differences

Political, Economic, and Social Considerations

Dynamics of Cross-Cultural Negotiations

Selection and Training of Personnel for Cross-Cultural Negotiations

Focus on Japan and Korea

Focus on China and Hong Kong

Cross-Cultural Simulation Exercise

Cross-Cultural CoAflict Resolution

(Dr. Dean Tjosvold)

Managing conflict well requires expressing views openly, understanding the other's

perspective, and creating solutions. This course will use the conflict and cultural experiences

of the participants and involve them in role playing and other kinds of interactive and

experiential learning. Participants will learn important ideas about conflict management,

become more sensitive to how people of different cultures communicate their intentions while

in conflict, and practice skills in managing conflict across cultures.

IQA

• Adler, Nancy.

International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior,

2nd edition, PWS

Kent, Boston, Massachusetts, 1991.

• Tjosvold, Dean. Managing Conflict: The Key to Making Your Organization Work.

Team

Media, Minneapolis 1989.

(Plus an additional package of course readings and materials.)

The Pervasiveness and Potential Constructiveness of Conflict

Alternate Ways to Manage Conflict

Diagnosing One's Own Way of Dealing With Conflict

Applying Conflict Knowledge in Different Cultural Settings

Pitfalls of Managing Conflict in Cross-Cultural Settings

Simulations to Practice Conflict Management in Cross-Cultural Settings

Creating a Conflict-Positive Atmosphere

Ongoing Improvement in Managing Conflict

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Acculturation

(Dr. June Francis)

This course will address the adaptation and acculturation strategies of cross-cultural

management. The course will focus on the following challenges of cross-cultural management:

co-operation between managers at similar levels from different language/culture backgrounds

in the same corporation; co-operation between managers at different levels from different

language/culture backgrounds; co-operation between managers and employees from different

language/culture backgrounds; and the implications of different levels of language/culture

adaptation by expatriate or immigrant managers and employees.

Each student will be provided with a package of required and recommended course readings and

The Impact of Culture on Business and Social Relations: a Cross-Cultural Comparison

2. Frameworks for Acculturation and Adaptation in Intercultural Encounters: Strategies for

Success

Managing and Working in an Intercultural Setting

Marketing and Image Management in International Dealings

International Marketing

(Dr. June Francis)

Maintaining Canadian firms' competitiveness in the face of increasing global competition is of

critical importance to every Canadian manager. This course will explore the complexities and

uncertainties involved in doing business in a global marketplace. The objective of the course is

to provide students with frameworks, principles, and guidelines for successful international

marketing decision making: The marketing of goods and services with an.emphasis on the Pacific

Rim countries will be explored. The course utilizes cases, lectures and guest speakers in a

seminar format.

• Brian Toyne and Peter Walters,

Global Marketing Management, A Strategic

Perspective,Allyn

and Bacon, New York, 1989.

(Plus an additional package of course readings and materials.)

1. Global Competitiveness: Criteria for Success

The Management of International Marketing

The Globalization, of Markets

4. Marketing Research in the Asia Pacific

Cultural Implications and Consumer Behavior

Economic Geography

of the Asia Pacific Region (Elspeth Thomson)

This course offers fundamental geographic and economic information about each of the countries

in the Asia Pacific region. The resource bases, economic structures and strategies are compared

and an assessment is made of the relative economic performance of each over the past fifty

years. The economic relations among the countries of the region are analyzed, as well as the

past, present and future role of the region as a whole in international markets.

Specific readings will be assigned for each topic and a full bibliography will be distributed at

Physical Resource Bases - the factors that help or hinder economic development

Human Resource Bases - the size, growth, distribution and education of populations

Territorial Linkages - urban development and communication and transportation networks

within and without

Past and Present Government Planning Mechanisms and Economic Strategies - how and why

the governments have set their targets

Economic Performance of Key Economic Sectors. - agriculture, industry, energy

Content, Direction and Volume of Trade - Past, Present and Future - import and export

capabilities

Biographies

Tamako Copithorne:

Tamako Copithorne, a native of Japan, is Director of the Japanese Program at the David Lam

Centre for International Communication at Simon Fraser University at Harbour Centre. She

was the first exchange student to the University of British Columbia, from Keio University. in

Japan, on a scholarship from the World University Service in 1955-56. She is a graduate of

Keio University (B.A. 1959) and Yale University (M.A. 1962 in Anthropology and South East

Asian Studies) and spent the academic year 1960-61 at Radcliffe College Graduate School. She

has worked at the East West Centre and has taught sociology/anthropology and Japanese

language/culture at the University of Ottawa, the University of Malaya and the University of

Hong Kong. Besides Japanese language and culture, she has a continuing interest in comparative

social structures, cultural adaptation, and exhibition as communication. Mrs. Copithorne spent

25 years in Canadian foreign service life.

Tanis Dagert:

Tanis Dagert

obtained

her undergraduate degree in Communications from Simon Fraser

University with a concentration on intercultural communications. She then went on to complete

a Post Graduate

Diploma focused on the people, languages, cultures and economics of the Asia

Pacific region. Ms. Dagert then spent one year home-stay in Japàn where she studied the

Japanese language and culture, developed curriculum and taught English. Since returning home

she has pursued her interests in the field of international and professional education. She is

currently working in the Extension Credit Program at Harbour Centre. Her primary

responsibilities involve new rojects with the David Lam Centre and the International Centre

for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy.

June Francis:

June Francis is an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Business administration at SFU. She

took her M.B.A. at York University, with a focus on marketing and international business. She

earned her Ph.D. in international marketing and socio-cultural anthropology from the

University of Washington. She has taught a variety of courses in marketing including

International Marketing, and researched into adaptive behavior during intercultural

buyer/seller negotiations, Chinese and Canadian cross-cultural conflict resolution styles, and

intercultural testing of Japanese/American and Korean/American cross-cultural business

negotiations.

Roger Howard:

Dr. Howard is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Communication at SFU. He completed

his Ph.D. in Sociology at the University of British Columbia in 1981, with a thesis concerning

the debates over development strategy in China that led to the present reform strategy. The

thesis was based on field work carried out in China where, as a student and later as a teacher

(together with his own Chinese students), he lived, worked, and did research in factories and

villages. He has also been a visiting professor teaching North American Studies at the

University of Inner Mongolia (1981-83), where he began his research interest in ethnic

minorities and development. Since 1984, he has taught courses at SFU on International

Communication, Political Communication in Contemporary Chinese Rural Development, and

Communication Policy in China. He has delivered briefings for the Canadian International

Development Agency, on cross-cultural communication, transfer of skills, and the economic

reforms, and has done consulting work for non-governmental agencies on the selection of

teachers to be sent to China and the placement of Chinese trainees in Canada.

Insun Lee:

Insun Lee took her B.A. in English Language and Literature at Sacred Heart College for Women in

Buchon, Korea, a graduate diploma in Teaching English as a Second Language from the University

of Alberta, and is currently teaching Korean at the University of British Columbia while

pursuing a graduate degree in second language education. She taught Korean at the Edmonton

Korean Language School from 1984 to 1988, and in the Continuing Education program of the

Edmonton Public School system from 1987 to 1988.

Elspeth Thomson:

Elspeth Thomson earned her Honours of Bachelor of Arts degree in urban geography at the

University of Victoria, and completed her Master of Arts degree in Chinese Area Studies at the

School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London in 1985. Before returning to

SOAS, where she was awarded a two-year fellowship at the Contemporary China Institute, she

did a year of intensive Mandarin language training at the National Taiwan Normal University.

Her doctoral thesis, in economics, is on China's coal industry. She hopes to have it completed by

the end of this year. Elspeth has been teaching in the Geography Department at Simon Fraser

University since April 1990.

Dean Tjosvold:

Dean Tjosvold earned his doctorate in the Social Psychology of Organizations at the University of

Minnesota in 1972, and is now Professor, Faculty of Business Administration at Simon Fraser

University. He has published over a 100 articles on managing conflict, co-operation and

competition, decision making, power, and other management issues. He co-edited

Productive

Conflict Management: Perspectives for Organizations

and co-authored two books for health care

professionals. He has authored several books including

Working Together to Get Things Done:

Managing for Organizational Productivity; Managing Conflict: The Key to Making an

Organization Work; and

Love and Anger: Managing Family Conflict.

He authored The Conflict

Positive Organization

as part of the Addison-Wesley's OD series (1991), and

Team

Organization: An EnduringCompetitive Advantage

as part of the Industrial and Organizational

Psychology Series. He consults on conflict management and related issues and is a partner in

several health care businesses in Minnesota.

Rosalie Tung:

Rosalie Tung is Professorial Chair Holder of the Ming and Stella Wong Chair in International

Business and Comparative Management and an Associate Director of the David Lam Centre for

International Communication. She is a former Distinguished Profeèsor of the Faculty of

Business Administration at the University of Wisconsin in Milwaukee. She has served on the

faculties of the Wharton School (University of Pennsylvania) and the University of Oregon, and

as a visiting faculty member at Harvard University, University of California, Los Angeles, and

the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (England) Professor Tung has

published seven books and numerous articles in academic and professional journals in the area

of international business. She is actively involved in management development and consulting

activities around the world.

Jan

Walls:

After completing his B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in Chinese and Japanese languages and

literatures, Dr. Walls began his academic career teaching Chinese language and East Asian

cultures at the University of British Columbia (1970-78) and the University of Victoria

(1978-85). In addition to teaching, he founded and directed the Centre for Pacific and Oriental

Studies at Victoria. From 1981-1983 he served as the First Secretary for Cultural and

Scientific Affairs at the Canadian Embassy in Beijing, and from 1985 to 1987 he was Senior

Vice President of the newly established Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, where he founded and

developed the first Education and Cultural Affairs programmes.

In September 1987 he joined the Department of Communication at Simon Fraser University

where he founded and directs a new centre for interdisciplinary study of international,

intercultural communication, at SFU's Harbour Centre campus in downtown Vancouver: the

David Lam Centre for International Communication.

He has published literary and cultural studies and translations, and lectured widely in the fields

of East Asian culture, intercultural communication , and the theory and practice of translation.

Within the general field of International and Intercultural Communication, he is most interested

and active in East-West communication, particularly in the ways that differences in language

structure, social organization, cultural values and technologies significantly effect

intercultural communication and co-operation.

Yvonne Li Walls:

Yvonne Li Walls is Director of the Chinese Culture and Communication Program at the David

Lam Centre for International Communication at SFU at Harbour Centre. She took her Bachelor's

Degree in English at Taiwan Normal University, her M.A. in Comparative Literature at the

University of Washington, and completed Ph.D. course work in Comparative Literature at

Indiana University. A native of north China, she has taught Mandarin Chinese language and

culture at institutions in Canada,the U.S., Taiwan, Japan and Beijing. She has published several

volumes of literature in translation, Chinese to English, English to Chinese, as well as book

reviews on Chinese language and literature.

i[*1

Alison Winters:

Alison Kit Ping Winters graduated from Northcote College of Education in Hong Kong in 1978 and

taught Chinese Language and History in Hong Kong for three years before immigrating to North

America in 1981. She received both B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of British

Columbia in the field of Chinese literature, and has passed the examination administered by the

Department of Secretary of State to qualify as a Cantonese-English translator. She is Program

Assistant to the Director of the David Lam Centre for International Communication, and has

taught courses in Cantonese Language and Cross-Cultural Communication since June, 1990.