S.09-13
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SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY
Senate Committee on University Priorities
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Memorandum
TO:
Senate ?
FROM: ?
Jon Driver
Chair, SCUP and
Vice President, Academic
RE:
Cognitive Science Programme
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DATE: ?
December 18, 2008.
AZ
The Senate Committee on University Priorities (SCUP) has reviewe he xternal
Review Report on the Cognitive Science Programme, together with r spo ses from the
Programme Director and Dean of the Faculty of Arts & Social Science
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d input from
the Associate Vice President, Academic.
Motion:
That Senate approve the recommendations from the Senate Committee on
University Priorities concerning advice to the Cognitive Science Programme
and the Dean of the Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences on priority items
resulting from the External Review.
The report of the External Review
Team*
for the Cognitive Science Programme was
submitted in April 2008 following the review team's site visit. The response from the
Cognitive Science Programme and the response from the Dean were received in
September and October 2008 respectively.
The Review Team viewed the Programme as an 'excellent one that is on the right track,
and poised to continue moderate enhancement and expansion'.
SCUP recommends to Senate that the Cognitive Science Programme and the Dean of
the Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences be advised to pursue the following as priority
items.
1. Undergraduate Programmes
o
Consider the revision of the undergraduate curriculum with the addition of a
is
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perception/visual cognition course, a psycholinguistics course and the
inclusion of opportunities for undergraduate research.
2. Graduate Programmes
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o
o Pursue the establishment of a Master's programme.
3. Faculty
• Continue to search for a CRC chair as advertised.
• When funding allows, seek from the Dean of Arts & Social Sciences, an
additional appointment in the Programme.
• Continue to encourage member Departments to hire in Cognitive Science
areas when searching for faculty.
• Continue to seek ways of facilitating the availability of associated faculty to
teach within the Programme.
4. Research
o
Continue to facilitate the development of the Phonology and Cognition
laboratory and increase the involvement of the Spatial Cognition and
Interactive Expertise in Natural and Computational Environments laboratory in
training students in perception and cognition.
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5. Administration
o
Formalize the roles and commitments among member units and institute
regular meetings to discuss scheduling and other administrative issues that
may arise.
* Review Team
Dr. Barbara Landau (Chair) - Johns Hopkins University
Dr. Douglas Mewhort - Queen's University
Dr. Greg Carlson - University of Rochester
CC L Cormack, Dean, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences
F. Popowich. Director, Cognitive Science Programme
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and
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\ Vice presi.
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MEMO
ATTENTION, BILL Krane, Associate VP Academic
Faculty of
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FROM Lesley Cormack, Dean, FASS
Arts and Social Sciences
Office of the Dean
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I
RE Co
g
nitive Science External Review
Street address
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DATE October 28, 2008
Academic Quadrangle
Room 6168
I am very pleased with this positive and helpful external review of the
Burnaby, BC Canada
V5A 1S6
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Cognitive Science Program, which confirms that this is a strong
program, well positioned to move to the next phase. As far as
778-782-4415 (Tel)
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resources allow, I am in general agreement with the
778-782-3033 (Fax)
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recommendations of the external review committee and am happy to
www.sfu.ca/arts
(Web) ?
work with the Cognitive Science Steering committee in order to move
forward those recommendations possible to implement within the
current budget climate. Let memention a few that I think are critical.
Mailing address
AQ6168 ?
Faculty resources
8888 University Drive
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i agree with the review that replacing Jeff Pelletier at his retirement
Burnaby, BC Canada
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this year is crucial. As soon as it was clear that Dr. Pelletier was
V5A 1S6
retiring, I ensured that the CRC would remain in Cognitive Science
and we have now advertised for this position.
Secondin g
facult y
and/or developing wa
y
s to allow interdiscipliniy
teaching
This is a larger issue than just for the Cognitive Science Program. I
am not sure whether the specific ways forward suggested by the
external review committee will be the most effective (particularly
given how few resources are available), but it is clearly crucial to find
a way to allow associate members to teach in the program in a way
that does not damage their home departments' ability to offer their
core curriculum. Likewise, we must negotiate a compromise with
regards to administrative credit, especially for the director.
Under g
raduate Program
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The external review committee is in a far better position than I to
evaluate what is needed and desirable in the Cognitive Science
undergraduate program and I urge the Cognitive Science Steering
committee to take these recommendations seriously (which I believe
they are doing).
El
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Faculty of
Arts and Social Sciences
Graduate Program
I think that it is timely and appropriate to think about a Masters
program at this time. I would need to understand better how this
could build on the undergraduate curriculum, but I am happy to
encourage the Cognitive Science Steering committee to consider this
step. Likewise, I think the recommendation to find a niche for the
SFU Cognitive Science program is exactly right.
Administrative coordination
These also seem to be sensible recommendations and most are
easily undertaken.
The greatest challenge for Cognitive Science is encouraging
participation from all the cognate areas involved. The report speaks
of the need to engage Psychology more, as well as the need to have
Computer Science more willing to consider Dr. Popowich's
administrative work as director significant. I believe that Cognitive
Science is a great model for a different kind of interdisciplinarity at
SFU, and one that we should be both facilitating and emulating. This
external review tells us that this is the way to go.
Cc: F. Popowich, Director, Cognitive Science Program
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ELM
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COGNITIVE SCIENCE
FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
Jon Driver
Vice President Academic
Simon Fraser University
September 29, 2008
8115 ROBERT C. BROWN HALL
8888
University Drive
Burnaby BC V5A
1S6
Dear Jon
Canada
The Cognitive Science Steering Committee has had the opportunity to review
Tel
778.782-7127
the External Review Report of the Cognitive Science Program dated April 2008.
Web: www.sfii.ca/cognitive-science
Overall, we feel that the report does provide an accurate assessment of the
program, and we have broad support for the recommendations that it contains.
Given that the reviewers have noted that the "Cognitive Science program may
provide a model for the development of other interdisciplinary programs at
SFU", we would like not only to respond to the recommendations, but also work
with the rest of the university community to ensure that appropriate actions
follow from this review process. However, in the remainder of this document, I
would like to focus on the broad recommendations of the report.
1. ?
Undergraduate Program
The report provides specific recommendations for the addition of several
courses (including research courses), along with suggestions for how to support
these additional courses, through the hiring of new faculty, developing
mechanisms for team teaching, and allowing teaching from faculty members
having home departments outside of Cognitive Science. Additionally, the report
provides some possible strategic directions and foci for the undergraduate
program.
In response to these recommendations, the Cognitive Science Program will
propose a revised undergraduate curriculum, with a time frame to be determined
in conjunction with discussion with the office of the Dean of Arts, and with the
office of the Vice President Academic. The revised curriculum should also be
considered in the context of the recommendation to hire a new tenure track
faculty member, and additionally filing the soon to be vacant Canadian
Research Chair position in Cognitive Science (which will be discussed in item
3, below).
2.
Research
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The reviewers noted that the research labs are very stron
g
, but had specific
recommendations related to facilitating the development of Dr. Alderete's lab,
and increasin g
the involvement with Dr. Fisher's lab.
6.
SIMON FflASflR UNIVERSITY
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THINKING OF THE WORLD
In response to these recommendations, the Program will work with the
Department
Alderete from
of
the
Linguistics
infrastructure
to provide
in place
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additional
current
support
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Science
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The Program has already started increasing its involvement with Dr. Fisher's
lab, through the formulation of a new CREATE proposal involving Dr. Fisher,
which would involve a (future) Cognitive Science Graduate Program (see item
4, below).
3.
Faculty Development Needs
The external review stressed the importance of replacing Dr. Jeff Pelletier, who
is retiring from SFU, and his position as Canadian Research Chair (Tier 1) in
Cognitive Science. It further recommended a new faculty appointment in
Cognitive Science (modeled after the appointment of Dr. Mark Blair), plus
encouraging (and perhaps giving incentives to) other units for hiring in
Cognitive Science relevant areas, and arranging for secondments from other
units.
The Cognitive Science Program has recently been given approval to fill the
soon to be vacant position of Canadian Research Chair in Cognitive Science.
The current university-wide freeze on new positions does not affect the CRC
position, but it does affect the creation of other new positions. The Program
recommends a joint meeting of the Dean plus the chairs of the member
departments (Computing Science, Linguistics, Philosophy, Psychology) to
determine how to best address these faculty development recommendations in
the current environment, and in the future. A joint meeting of these individuals
should be held on an annual basis. This meeting could also examine the
recommendations from item 5 below, and determine appropriate actions. These
individuals will be provided with the report of the external review committee,
plus they can request any additional background materials that may have been
available to the review team.
4.
Graduate Program, and Raising the Program Profile
The report states that "the time is right to develop a graduate program" at the
Masters but not the PhD level, and provides many suggestions for how such a
"niche" pro
g
ram could be structured and supported. It also notes that this would
be an appropriate way to raise the program profile and attract funding.
The Cognitive Science Program will constitute a graduate program committee
to develop a proposal for a Masters degree in Cognitive Science, in consultation
with the member units. Furthermore, the Program will merge its outside speaker
series with the defining cognitive science speaker series, and increase the focus
on inviting external speakers to participate.
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SM()N FUASrR UNIVERSITY
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THINKING OF THE WORLO
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5. Administration of the Program
The external review team observed that although the administrative structure of
the program works, there needed to be increased formalization of roles with
respect to the four member units.
Some specific recommendations related to scheduling, access to classes, and
joint promotion of programs will be addressed through the recommended
semesterly meetings between the Cognitive Science program manager, and
program managers of the member units.
To deal with administrative contributions of faculty members, the Cognitive
Science Program will explore if each of Computing, Linguistics, Philosophy
and Psychology will be able to contribute the equivalent of one faculty
member's service contribution on an annual basis. That is, an associate member
of Cognitive Science who has a home department outside of Cognitive Science
could count service to the Cognitive Science Program as their full university
service contribution for specific period of time.
In conclusion, the Cognitive Science Program would like to thank the external
review members, faculty, staff, and students who participated in the review
process. The Program looks forward to working with members of the university
community to follow up on the recommendations made in the report.
C
Sincerely
Dr. Fred Popowich
Director, Cognitive Science Program
Simon Fraser University
SIM()FRASER UN1V(ISITY
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THI
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Report of the External Review Committee:
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The Cognitive Science Program at Simon Fraser University
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April 2008
Executive Summary
We, the members of the External Review Committee for the Cognitive Science Program,
find
that the current program is an excellent one that is on the right track, and is poised to
continue moderate enhancement and expansion. Strengths include key participating faculty from
the core member units, new laboratories that provide exciting research experiences for
undergraduates, a very talented Set of undergraduate majors, and successful development of
courses that form a coherent curriculum for the majors and that appeal to a broad range of majors
at SFU. These strengths can be enhanced by measures outlined below. We also find that there
are significant vulnerabilities for the program, and these will require that the administration take
specific steps to ensure that the program remains viable and grows to its potential. These include
supporting faculty development needs, adding modestly to the current undergraduate curriculum,
and facilitating and supporting participation of additional faculty who are currently under-
utilized in the Program, in part by setting up administrative measutes that will allow faculty from
individual units to participate in the program without having undue negative impact on their
home departments. In order to succeed in implementing enhancements and protecting against
vulnerabilities, the administration should take a strong supportive position, providing appropriate
resources for the program to continue its success. By doing so, there may be an added benefit
beyond developing the program itself: The Cognitive Science program may provide a model for
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the development of other interdisciplinary programs at SFU.
Undergraduate Program:
The program is currently strong, but could be enhanced by additional curriculum
development and by facilitating additional participation of faculty without penalizing home
departments.
Specific recommendations:
• Add a perception/visual cognition course.
• Add a psycholinguistics course.
• Add a capstone course (COGS 400), perhaps in combination with a research experience.
• Allow students to earn credit for doing research.
• Institute a formal system of faculty mentoring for students.
• Provide appropriate resources for home departments that facilitate program teaching.
• Develop a mchanisrn that allows team teaching (perhaps one course/term).
• Develop faculty (see below).
Research
The research labs are currently very strong and support excellent research experiences for
both undergraduate and graduate students. Because research experiences promote education and
faculty development, and serve as the basis for funding, enhancements are in order.
Specific recommendations:
• Facilitate the development of Dr. Aidrete's lab.
• Increase the involvement of Dr. Fisher's lab to train students in perception and cognition.
Faculty Development Needs
The faculty members who participate in Cognitive Science are strong, but there are needs
to address an impending loss, to further develop faculty whose appointments are in the program,
and to facilitate the participation of faculty from other units without penalizing their home
departments. Serious consideration should be given to adding strength in areas that may have
natural homes in Psychology.
Specific recommendations:
Immediately pursue replacement of Dr. Pelletier, and designate this position specifically
for Cognitive Science. This position is crucial to continued intellectual leadership of the
program.
• Make a single new appointment (FTE) in the Cognitive Science program, with the home
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department determined by discussion with the Steering Committee. The appointment
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should parallel and be modeled after the highly successful appointment of Mark Blair
• Provide secondments to the Cognitive Science program, allowing allocation to be
determined by the program's needs, and through discussion with key members of
participating departments.
• Encourage member departments (and possibly give them incentives) for hiring in
Cognitive Science- relevant areas. Examples include hires in language learning,
psycholinguis tics, cognitive neuroscience of language, and visual perception/cognition.
New Programmatic Directions: A graduate program
Thetime is right to develop a graduate program at the Master's level. The program is not
ready at this time for a Ph.D. program.
Specific recommendations:
• Develop a 2-year Master's program in Cognitive Science, with a niche of providing
strong research-based training for students who will then move on to either industry or to
strong Ph.D. programs in Cognitive Science and/or related fields.
• Build the curriculum around the existing undergraduate core courses, including both
undergraduates and graduate students in some of the same courses.
• Provide funding of at least one fellowship and two TAs per year, with the goal of
drawing remaining funding from grants.
• Build on resources in units such as Computing Science, Education, and the School of
Interactive Arts and Technology and Education.
Administration of program
The administrative structure of the program works at present, but some adjustment must
be made to formalize the role of member units vis a vis the program.
Specific recommendations:
• Encourage formalizing commitment among member units by having Program Managers
from all Units meet at least once a term to coordinate class scheduling.
• Ask member units to provide a number of designated Cognitive Science seats for classes
that are difficult for students to get into.
• Put links on member unit homepages to the Cognitive Science Program (and vice versa).
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Formalize the administrative contribution of the Director by negotiating administrative
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release with his/ her home department (currently Computing Science, home department
of Director Popowich).
Possible strategic directions and foci
for
the undergraduate program
Two foci for the program would serve to further promote existing links across units,
enhance interdisciplinary research, and support efforts to gain funding.
Specific recommendations:
• Consider an added focus on human language processing, acquisition, and dissolution
under brain damage, using resources in Linguistics and Psychology to build this bridge
• Consider an added focus on computational modeling, filling an existing gap and building
bridges across Computing Science, Cognitive Science, and Psychology.
These foci have natural links to issues in health and information technology, respectively,
and could therefore also serve as themes for funding.
Raising the program profile at SFU and attracting funding
Raising the program profile can be done by creating a niche graduate program, increasing
cross-disciplinary grants along the -lines of more general scientific themes, and developing
distance-learning components of the Cognitive Science curriculum.
Specific recommendations:
• Create a niche graduate program.
• Support and expand joint meetings with other Universities in Canada to identify natural
collaborations.
• Create faculty working groups to identify themes that could cross-cut interests and serve
as the basis for generating larger-scale grants, e.g. via CTEF and Canadian Institute for
Health Research.
• Explore themes concerning Language in the Mind/Brain (in conjunction with
development of Cognitive Neuroscience), Endangered Languages (in conjunction with
the First Nations Project), and Computational Modeling.
• Explore distance learning for components of the Cognitive Science curriculum.
We would like to conclude by emphasizing that the Cognitive Science program has
grown admirably since the last review, despite quite limited resources. It is currently an
excellent program, and it has reached this point throu
g
h the vision, energy, and dedication of the
faculty who have been most actively involved in Cognitive Science. We urge the administration
to strongly support continued efforts to develop this program.
Greg Carlson, Ph.D.
Barbara Landau, Ph.D. (Chair)
Doug Mewhort, Ph.D.
The External Review Committee
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Report of the External Review Committee: ?
The Cognitive Science Program at Simon
Fraser University ?
April 2008
We, the External Review Committee (Carlson, Landau, Mewhort) met from April
2-5,
2008 to evaluate the current status of the Cognitive Science Pro g ram at SFU. We met with a
broad range of faculty who participate in the program, Chairs of all participating units,
undergraduate students who are current majors in Cognitive Science, and administrative staff for
the program, as well as members of the University administration. This report addresses the
issues we see as key for the present and future status of the program. Answers to specific
questions posed to the Committee (in the Terms of Reference) are provided at the end of our
report.
Background
The last review, completed in May 2001, found that the undergraduate program was not
sustainable as it was. The report recommended that the program either revert to a former
structure (a very small "elitist" program) or else move towards a full-scale program, which would
entail substantial increase in participation by core Cognitive Science faculty as well as increased
support from the University. Specific recommendations for the latter included hiring a senior
faculty member via the Canada Research Chair mechanism, developing the undergraduate
curriculum (especially teaching of COGS 100 by core faculty and reinstating COGS 400),
increasing participating of Cognitive Psychology, and facilitating the participation of faculty in
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the key member departments (Philosophy, Linguistics, Computing Science, Psychology) by
removing administrative roadblocks. As we will discuss below, there has been remarkable
success in developing a full-scale undergraduate program since the last review. Many of the
recommendations from the 2001 review have been adopted and implemented, and the program
has grown to expectation, despite quite limited resources. There is now a full-scale
undergraduate program with a major and a newly approved minor, as well as significant increase
in research involvement among students and other enhancements that now make the Cognitive
Science program a firm reality. The future for Cognitive Science at SFU offers opportunity for
additional growth in the program at the undergraduate level, and the real possibility of a graduate
program. These would, however, require some additional resources as well as administrative
changes that would facilitate deeper involvement among core faculty in the program.
The Cognitive Science program in 2008: Overview
In 2008, the Cognitive Science program has grown to expectation and is thriving, despite
the fact that it has had access to quite limited resources. Changes since 2001 are numerous. We
describe them briefly below, followed by more lengthy discussion focusing on some concerns
regarding each of these and suggestions for improvement and further enhancement.
1.
Facult y
. Three members of the faculty are presently the driving force behind the
Cognitive Science program: Dr. Fred Popowich (Computing Science, Director of the Program),
Dr. Jeff Pelletier (Canada Research Chair), and Dr. Mark Blair (the only appointment strictly
speaking in Cognitive Science). Of these, both Pelletier and Blair have been appointed since the
last review. Pelletier, hired as the crucial senior hire, now occupies a Canada Research Chair, but
will be retiring in January 2009, leaving a serious gap in the Cognitive Science faculty. In
particular, Pelletier provides the kind of senior intellectual leadership that is crucial to any small
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and growing program. Blair is an Assistant Professor hired with his position formally in the
Cognitive Science program and his home department is Psychology. Both of these new
appointments have, by all accounts, made an enormous difference to the Cognitive Science
program both in terms of intellectual contribution, energy, and commitment to Cognitive
Science. Popowich was Director of the program at the last review, and still remains an energetic
and effective force for the program; however, his position as Director is still an "overload" from
his primary appointment in Computing Science. In addition to these three key faculty members,
there have been additional faculty hires in Philosophy, Linguistics, and Computing Science,
whose interests are relevant to Cognitive Science (and who are interested in participating in the
program). A total of 12 Associate Members (across units) are listed in the program's self-study
(and there appear to be additional faculty who have Cognitive Science expertise but are not so
listed). Because of new appointments both in Cognitive Science and in other units, the faculty
situation is considerably stronger than it was in 2001. Still, there are significant needs for both
faculty replacement (Pelletier) and additions; and especially, for changes in administrative policy
that will allow the existing faculty to serve in the Cognitive Science program without penalizing
their home departments.
2.
Research.
A Cognitive Science laboratory supervised by Drs. Pelletier and Blair has
been established, complete with impressive computing equipment and eye-L
r
ackers, which allow
cutting edge methodologies for studies of cognitive processing.
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The space also has a seminar
room and multiple rooms for cognitive testing. This lab has become a place of intense research
activity by both undergraduate Cognitive Science majors, and graduate students in the key
disciplines (e.g. Psychology, Philosophy, Linguistics, Computing Science). In addition to the
Pelletier! Blair lab, Dr. Wang (Linguistics) has a new lab with equipment to carry out studies of
evoked potentials in the brain (EEG/ ERP studies) during language processing; she also has
access to brain imaging technology (tivIRI) in a nearby facility and has a number of students
working with her. The combination of equipment across the labs-- eye-trackers, EEG, and fTvIRI
capabilities-- affords students the opportunity to develop a rich set of experimental and
computational skills. The labs also provide a less obvious but equally important function: They
provide the physical location for students to gather, promoting a sense of community that is rare
in a school with many student commuters. This intellectual community, Small though it is,
provides an important part of the "glue' for the program and provides a unique opportunity for
undergraduates to see how science proceeds.
There is another lab planned within Linguistics (phonetics and phonology, Aidrete), but
this is awaiting another faculty appointment in Phonology. This lab would be an important
component of the undergraduate experience in Linguistics and Cognitive Science, especially as
many undergraduate Linguistics majors later go on to Masters programs in Speech Pathology.
Finally, there are labs in the School of Interactive Arts (Fisher), in Education (e.g. Winne), and
in Psychology (e. a. Ribary; Weeks) that could also host Cognitive Science students, but there is
less direct involvement by these individuals in Cognitive Science at present.
3.
Undergraduate program.
The Cognitive Science program has produced over 80
undergraduate major degrees and currently has 24 majors. The number has declined a bit over
the past two years, most likely linked to the new minor in Cognitive Science, which was recently
approved (and currently has a number of applicants). By all accounts, the Cognitive Science
majors are an intellectually vigorous bunch; faculty uniformly told us that these students stand
out in class as some of the most talented undergraduates at SFU. The curriculum for the Major
has become solid. There is a broad-based introductory course in Cognitive Science (COGS 100),
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which is taught by Blair and is available without prerequisite; the course has attracted students
from across a wide range of majors. It has been approved as a breadth course in three areas
(Humanities, Social Sciences, Sciences) and is a natural place for students who would like a
science course but do not see themselves as heading towards a science major. Enrollment at
present is around 100 per term, with the course offered twice per year. There is also a new
intermediate level course (COGS 200, taught by Aidrete) which then takes undergraduates into a
more focused consideration of Cognitive Science. Finally, there are two 300-level courses, one
of which is Special Topics (COGS 300, taught by a range of faculty) and a new course on
Consciousness (COGS 310, taught by Blair). The only course that remains to be developed (or
reinstated) is COGS 400, a capstone course. This should be done in the near future (more
below).
4. Seminar series.
There are currently two seminar series and a conference series. One
of the colloquium series has outside speakers; the budget for this is rather low, and so talks only
occur several times a year. The second series-- Defining Cognitive Science—is new since the
last review; it has been designed and developed as part of a plan to bring together the faculty and
students at SFU who are interested in Cognitive Science. Faculty give talks on their own work,
providing the audience an opportunity to see the range of Cognitive Science issues addressed by
the existing faculty. This series is by all accounts quite well-attended by both students and
faculty and is a crucial component of the "community-building" that is necessary for
interdisciplinary programs whose faculty span different departments. The conference series was
started in 1988, and has regularly produced published volumes (Vancouver Studies! New
Directions in Cognitive Science). Jeff Pelletier is now the General Editor of the series. The list
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of conferences over the past ten years is impressive, covering a wide range of topics.
In sum, the Cognitive Science program in 2008 is substantially different from its former
self: It has several strong new faculty members, it has vibrant new labs that provide strong
research experience at both undergraduate and graduate levels, it has a solid curriculum and it
has attracted intellectually strong students in good numbers. We now turn to more detailed
discussion of each of these, highlighting the strengths of the existing program along with
vulnerabilities that must be addressed if the program is to be maintained and grown in accord
with its potential. We start with the Undergraduate program, because the recent and projected
growth of this program has real implications for the issue of resources.
The Cognitive Science program in 2008: Strengths and vulnerabilities
1. Undergraduate program
a. Quality of programming, suite of offered courses
The undergraduate program now offers several strong courses that take students through
a quite broad-based .109k at Cognitive Science, introducing students to the idea of the
interdisciplinary study of the mind. The curriculum has four required courses for both the major
and the minor, with remaining courses drawn from existing courses in Philosophy, Psychology,
Computing Science, and Linguistics. The introductory course, COGS 100 (Exploring the Mind),
has no prerequisites and draws from a wide range of potential majors. It has been taught by
Mark Blair for several terms, and has received excellent reviews; enrollment has been climbing
and is now around 100 per term, with the course offered twice a year. The course has found a
terrific niche: It introduces a wide range of potential majors to the ideas of Cognitive Science,
and nurtures potential new majors. Because the course has no prerequisites, and fulfills a
number of breadth requirements it is likely to become even more popular in the coming years. In
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addition, the new minor (recently approved) should add to enrollments. The course has wide
appeal-- to people who know they are interested in scientific study of the mind, and to those who
might not view themselves as scientists, but are interested in language and cognition and can
discover an interest in science through this content area. The course draws about equally across
genders, unlike some other natural sciences, and so has the added potential of promoting and
securing scientific skill sets for people who might not otherwise pursue science.
Following the broad introductory course is the new offering COGS 200 (Foundations of
Cognitive Science), currently taught by Aidrete (Linguistics). The course covers several areas of
Cognitive Science in more depth, and the readings are challenging. Aidrete is carefully
monitoring the students' evaluation of the readings in order to gauge level of complexity, and it
will likely undergo revision. Two upper level courses are COGS 300 (Selected Topics), taught
by a range of faculty on their specific interests, and the new COGS 310 (Consciousness), taught
by Blair.
The students drawn to the Cognitive Science appear to have some unique characteristics:
The faculty unanimously told the committee that these majors are among the best at SFU. We
met with a group of students, and also heard research presentations in the Pelletier! Blair lab.
They are intellectually strong, lively, and definitely excited about interdisciplinary study of the
mind. ?
There is a strong sense of community held by these students.
Along with the Program Manager (Senaratne), students carried out a survey of Cognitive
Science majors who have gone through the program. Of these respondents, roughly 10 reported
going to graduate school (6 Ph.D.s, 2 MAs, 1 MSc, 1 LLB). This is a high rate, and confirms
that the majors are getting good preparation for graduate school; it also raises the issue of
whether the program is ready for a graduate component, which we address later in the report.
The remainder of the students surveyed reported going on to a range of professions such as web
interface designer, speech pathologist, senior technical writer/editor, and law, again indicating
that they have gotten a good (and useful) education.
b.
Possible enhancements
There are several areas in which the curriculum could be strengthened. One concerns a
major gap in the curriculum—there is no serious course on perception and/or visual cognition,
which is a key component of Cognitive Science. Although some perception is covered in
Aldrete's COGS 200, and more is covered by Fisher's version of COGS 300 (Special Topics),
there is really no single course that provides students with an education on basic perception
(either vision or audition) as it dovetails with cognition. One part of the problem is that there is
no obvious faculty member on the Burnaby campus who could or would teach such a course.
The usual home to such a faculty member would be the Psychology Department; however, the
involvement of Psychology is at present limited and there.is
no faculty member who is trained in
perception/ visual cognition and who has a Cognitive Science orientation. There are two
possible solutions. One is to engage Fisher (who currently teaches on the Surrey campus) more
actively
in
the Cognitive Science program. From our conversation with him, we believe that he
would be interested in doing this, but geographical realities make it very difficult to figure out
how to make it work. Since he is uniquely capable of filling the perception gap, the
administration and faculty could work to regularize his participation in the program. A second
solution is to target a hire in visual perception; this would presumably take place in the
Psychology department.
A second gap in the curriculum is the absence of a psycholinguistics course. This is very
important for a Cognitive Science program whose focus
is
language, and could naturally be
0
1 14
offered as one of the COGS 300 courses (special topics), or as one of the courses offered by
either the Linguistics or Psychology department. At present, there is no faculty member in
Psychology who would naturally teach such a course, and a new hire in Psychology in this area
would provide an excellent addition to the program. The other option is to offer such a course
within Linguistics, perhaps taught by one of the current faculty.
The third gap is one that is acknowledged by faculty and students alike: This is the lack
of a capstone course, COGS 400. The students emphasized that they felt a real need for some
integrative course at the upper end (like the integrative COGS 100); they also expressed a real
interest in combining such a course with some research experience. At present, a number of
Cognitive Science majors do participate in research (see below); however, they do not at present
get any course credit for this. One possibility that the committee raised was for a senior year
experience that included a COGS 400 capstone course in the first semester, in which faculty
could work with students identifying key broad issues, and then a second semester in which
interested students could work with a faculty mentor on a specific research project. This could
culminate in student presentations of projects at the end of the year. Students seemed to find this
very appealing, and also felt that earning course credit for working in a lab would be very
appropriate.
A fourth opportunity for enhancement concerns mentoring of students who are Cognitive
Science majors. At present, students are advised by the Program Manager (Shamina Senaratne),
who ably assists students in selecting and registering for the courses they need. This is
apparently standard at SF1.1 and we are not questioning this role. However, there is a different
role—that of mentoring—that can only be carried out by faculty. Mentoring naturally occurs for
. ?
students who work in faculty labs; but not all students will elect to do research. Cognitive
Science students should have individual faculty members to advise them about such issues as
who might serve as an appropriate research mentor, what graduate programs are best suited to
the student's interests and talents, how to pursue funding opportunities (such as the summer
NSERCs, two of which have been obtained by Cog Sci students for summer 2008), etc.
c. Concerns
The most serious vulnerability that the program faces is that of faculty resources. In a
nutshell, there is only one appointment fully in the Cognitive Science Program, and although
there are many additional faculty who participate in the program, the home departments of these
faculty are stretched and there are no real mechanisms for 'crediting" faculty who teach in the
program. Another problem is the relatively weak involvement of Psychology. At present, Mark
• ?
Blair is the only faculty member with a home department of Psychology who is strongly
involved in the program. Cognitive Psychology is one of the core disciplines of Cognitive
Science, so it would be very desirable for Psychology to increase its involvement. We have
already noted that there is a conspicuous absence of any core course in psycholinguistics or
higher-level perception; there are other areas of cognition that are very relevant, such as
cognitive neuroscience and cognitive development, but these are not currently represented in the
program.
Two examples can help illustrate the faculty resource problems. First is the case of
COGS 300, Special Topics. A range of faculty have taught this (appropriately, since the topics
range over faculty interests.) However, when a faculty member from, say, Linguistics, teaches
this course, the Linguistics department automatically loses the expertise of that person, who will
not be teaching his/her regular departmental courses. Often these will be core courses that can
and should be taught by someone with real expertise in the area. The Cognitive Science courses
cannot and should not be taught asovrloads. At present, there is compensation to the
department, but this is limited, and may not be enough to attract well-qualified people who could
teach the relevant core course(s). A similar situation holds for other required Cognitive Science
courses such as COGS 200, which is currently taught by Aidrete (Linguistics). In general, it is a
problem for every course that is a specific Cognitive Science course other than COGS 100.
There must be a mechanism
for
allowing core faculty to teach in the Cognitive Science program
without compromising the quality of the regular core courses taught in the home department.
Extended secondments (along with limited-term departmental appointments) may provide a
solution to this problem, as discussed belOw in the section on Faculty Development Needs.
A second example concerns COGS 100, currently taught by Blair, who is at present the
only appointment that is really in the Cognitive Science program. His teaching load includes this
increasingly popular course, which at present is offered twice during the year, and is heavily
enrolled. Althou
g
h he has done a remarkably effective job of attracting increasing numbers of
students, the course cannot sustain additional growth unless additional faculty take on teaching
this course along with Blair, or he is relieved of teaching other courses. The course should be
protected against becoming a large-scale service" teaching course, which would dilute its
effectiveness. If there is interest in larger enrollment, offerings of more than two terms, or
distance learning components, it will have to receive more staffing.
Associated with this faculty resource problem is that fact that, although Cognitive
Science is inherently an interdisciplinary science, there is no provision at all for team teaching.
That is, people cannot get credit for teaching a course if they co-teach with another faculty
member. Yet, co-teaching (especially across departments) is one of the most effective ways of
providing students with the reality of multiple approaches, along with all of their
warts—differences of opinion, difficulties in understanding another discipline's culture, etc.
Team-taught courses would be an extremely effective vehicle for really introducing students to
the idea of multi-disciplinary work, and a mechanism for doing this should be found. Some
simple solutions include double listing of a course (in Linguistics and Psychology, e.g.) and
allocating equal credit to faculty members who participate in such a course.
A final concern revolves around the difficulty of scheduling Cognitive Science courses.
Students do have some problems gettin
g
the courses they need; according to the students, this is
particularly pressing for Psychology courses. We address this concern in the section on
Administration of the program
Recommendations for Undergraduate Program:
• Add a perception/visual cognition course.
• Add a psycholinguistics course.
• Add a capstone course (COGS 400), perhaps in combination with a research experience.
• Allow students to earn credit for doing research.
• Institute a formal system of faculty mentoring for students.
• Provide appropriate resources for home departments that facilitate program teaching
• Develop a mechanism that allows for team teaching (perhaps one course/term).
• Develop faculty (see below).
2. Research
We have already commented on the impressive Pelletier-Blair lab for Cognitive Science,
and the presence of other labs for studies of brain and mind already in place at SFU. We visited
the Pelletier-Blair lab and both observed the facilities and heard undergraduate and graduate
1it
student presentations. The lab is populated by students across the four core disciplines, and the
research that is being carried out is truly interdisciplinary, e.g. philosophy students carrying out
experiments that would pass muster in a psychology lab, psychology students carrying out
studies based on linguistic theory, etc. The excitement and energy among the students is
palpable, and the level of interaction across faculty, graduate students, and undergraduates is
high. Undergraduate students have received summer NSERC grants to carry out research in the
lab; they are also presenting papers at conferences, and even co-authoring papers for publication.
The intermingling of faculty and students at different levels of experience is an outstanding
model for mentoring; there is no large distinction drawn between undergraduates and graduate
students, producing what appears to be a very healthy environment for intellectual development.
We did not visit other labs, but spoke with several faculty members who have active on-
going labs that are currently—or should be, increasingly—very involved in the Cognitive
Science program. Dr. Wang's lab (Linguistics) carries Out research on language and the brain,
using experimental methods in combination with brain-imaging techniques such as
EEG/
ERP
• ?
and fMRI. Dr. Aidrete (Linguistics) does primarily computational and formal work in phonetics
and phonology, but he has been allocated lab space, with the goal of creating a Phonology lab, in
conjunction with an appropriate hire in Linguistics. One other lab is seriously under-utilized;
this is Fisher's lab, whose geographical home is Surrey. Fisher's research focuses on the nature
of perception especially as it pertains to worlds we ourselves have created (i.e. virtual reality
worlds). This is a naturally strong fit for the Cognitive Science program, and could suppOrt
strong research experiences for students in an area other than language.
The lab component of the Cognitive Science program is strong, and should be nurtured.
. ?
If the facilities can be enhanced, they should be. But even given the existing capabilities, they
are capable of supporting a strong research-oriented Cognitive Science program for
undergraduates, and even a strong two year-graduate program (discussed below). The labs
compare favorably to other Cognitive Science programs in Canada. For example Queen's
University offers a joint degree across Computing Science, Linguistics, Philosophy, and
Psychology, and is comparable to SFU in terms of the range of courses offered, with about 10-20
majors declaring in their third or fourth year. But the lab facilities at SFU are far superior,
suggesting that it is capable of occupying a strong niche among Cognitive Science programs in
Canada.
Recommendations:
• Facilitate the development of Dr. Aidrete's lab.
• Increase involvement of Dr. Fisher's lab to train students in perception and cognition
3.
Faculty development needs
We base our discussion of faculty needs on the current program and sensible projections
of its growth in the near future. At the same time, we will raise the issue of whether the time is
right for a graduate program in Cognitive Science (we think it is; see below), and emphasize that
whatever is needed to grow the current program will also be the minimal requirement for
establishing a graduate program.
The Cognitive Science program is facing faculty resource challenges of three types.
First, Jeff Pelletier currently occupies a Canada Research Chair (home departments Philosophy
and Linguistics), but he will be retiring as of January 2009. This means a major loss of senior
intellectual leadership and programmatic vision. It is urgent to
immediately
replace him with an
energetic, visionary senior faculty member who is committed to Cognitive Science. Pelletier will
be hard to replace, but this must be done if the Cognitive Science program is to continue even in
its present form.
We recommend that the administration immediately pursue replacement of Dr. Pelletier,
and that this position be specifically designated for Cognitive Science. One possibility would be
to put this position into the Cognitive Science program, with an associated home department (as
with Blair's appointment). Another possibility would be to search widely for a cognitive
scientist whose appointment would be within one or more of the component departments. We
think that the Steering Committee will be best able to determine which of these plans is best.
The second challenge concerns the small number of faculty literally
in
the Cognitive
Science program-- those who can dedicate all of their intellectual energy to sustaining and
developing the program. At present, only Blair has his appointment in the program. .We believe
that it is time for the administration to provide one new full time tenure-track faculty
appointment specifically
in
the Cognitive Science program. This would provide added substance
to the program, and could support further planning for the program as it develops a graduate
component. A new appointment would also naturally serve the need to have an intellectually
rigorous and systematic COGS 400 capstone course (possibly with a research component),
thereby solving the problem of who-- among the already stretched faculty—could take on this
responsibility.
The area of a new appointment should be the concern of the Steering committee.
However, we note that it would be important to make a hire as good as Mark Blair—in the sense
of hiring someone with the same commitment to community-building, someone who is
committed and able to build bridges among disciplines. We further note that an appointment that
enhances Cognitive Psychology end of Cognitive Science—perhaps in perception, cognitive
neuroscience or psycholinguistics-- would make sense.
The third challenge concerns the dearth of faculty actually "available" (for credit) to
teach Cognitive Science courses. As we outlined earlier, faculty are stretched thin in their home
departments, and department chairs are naturally loathe to give up faculty time to a separate
program without having their own teaching needs met with appropriately experienced and
knowledgeable faculty.
Possible solutions to the current problem of faculty teaching resources include:
Secondments. As we understand this mechanism, these could be provided to component
departments to provide teaching release so that faculty could teach in the Cognitive
Science program without penalizing their home departments. Given that secondments
mean allowing a regular faculty member to teach in the Cognitive Science program
(possibly for several years), the home departments would best be served by providing
funds for a limited term faculty member (e.g. a 2-year Assistant Professor appointment).
This would attract solid candidates for the position, and insure that the core courses in the
home department are taught by people with the right level of expertise. One version of
this would be to provide the Cognitive Science program with funds that could then be.
offered to the relevant departments in accord with teaching needs in Cognitive Science
• (and in collaboration with departments themselves).
Note that we are not suggesting this
as a substitute for the faculty replacement/addition we have discussed above; rather they
should be an additional step.
Hiring opportunities within other departments. To the extent that other departments are
committed to the Cognitive Science program, departments could be encouraged to make
hires that are Cognitive Science relevant. Examples including hiring within Philosophy
to continue building strength in the philosophy of language and mind; hiring with
Linguistics to continue building strength in language, focusing on language learning
and/or psycholinguistics; hiring within Psychology to build strength in psycholin
g uis tics,
cognitive neuroscience of language, and perception.
Recommendations:
• Immediately pursue replacement of Dr. Pelletier, and specifically designate this position
for Cognitive Science. This position is crucial to continued intellectual leadership of the
program.
• Make a single new appointment (FTE) in the Cognitive Science program, with the home
?
department determined by discussion with the Steering Committee. The appointment
?
should parallel and be modeled after the highly successful appointment of Mark Blair.
• Provide extended term secondments to the Cognitive Science program, allowing
allocation to be determined by the program's needs, and through discussion with key
members of participating departments.
• Encourage member departments (and possibly give them incentives) for hiring in
Cognitive Science- relevant areas. Examples include hires in language learning,
psycholinguistics, cognitive neuroscience of language, and visual perception/cognition.
4.
New programmatic
directiozis:
A graduate program?
We believe that the time is right for SFU to start a graduate program in Cognitive
Science. This is suggested by the current success of the undergraduate program, the involvement
of graduate students from the component disciplines, regular inquiries from students about a
. ?
graduate program, and uniform enthusiasm on the part of all faculty members who we
interviewed. The concerns that we heard were
not
related to the idea of creating a strong
graduate program at SFU; rather, they had to do with the possible downside to departments who
could - given the present resource limitations - suffer further if a program were started without
sufficient resource support. Based on all this, we see the following as viable.
The program should be a Master's program, but it is not ready (at present) to become a
Ph.D. program. In addition, we think that a Master's program would provide more appeal to
students than a Certificate program, and would have more "value" for students as they move on
to further graduate study and/or jobs in industry, health, or education. Assuming continued
growth and support of the department along the lines already discussed, there will be adequate
faculty to support a strong research-based Master's degree, which would likely require a 2-year
program. A 2-year program is necessary in order to have a substantive research component; it
takes up to a year to develop a research project, then additional time to complete it and write it
up for publication. The courses that are currently offered could be cross-listed with the graduate
program, and graduate students could have an additional separate tutorial or enhancements in
readings, where necessary. (This is the design used by the Johns Hopkins program.) Research
labs are in place to provide strong research experiences.
The program needs to occupy a special niche in order to attract students. We think this is
possible if it is designed as a strongly research-based Cognitive Science program that prepares
students to move into either a) a strong Ph.D. program in Cognitive Science, Psychology,
Linguistics, Philosophy, Education, Computing Science; or (b) industry. The model of providing
a strong Masters degree that results in placement in a top Ph.D. program is already in place at
SFU in the Philosophy department, so mechanisms for placing students in Ph.D. programs will
be familiar to faculty. The model for moving students into industry is already in place in the
,iq
Computin g
Science department; and the Chair of this unit told us that CS students with strong
Cognitive Science training will be increasingly attractive to industry. In addition, faculty in
some of the other affiliated units have strong links to industry. Examples include Winne's lab,
which moves students into education-related fields; and Fisher's lab, which trains students in
issues related to human-computer interaction.
There are already indications that students would be interested in such a program: There
are regular inquiries about a graduate program, and a number of the undergraduate majors
already go on to other graduate programs. The strong undergraduate majors may, in fact, be
interested in a program that is a combined BA/MA Cognitive Science program; some version of
a
5-
year program could be designed to take advantage of this, e.g. if research experiences begin
in the third year of undergraduate study.
There are several issues and concerns that would need to be addressed in the development
of a graduate program. First is the question of how the curriculum would be designed, given the
existing resource limitations. If the program is small (which it should initially be), some of the
existing courses could be cross-listed for use in the graduate program, with suitable
enhancements for the graduate students in the class. For example, the introductory course for
graduate students could be built on COGS 200, and COGS 300 could naturally serve as a more
focused course for graduate students. Courses already offered for graduate students in
Computing Science, Linguistics, Philosophy, and Psychology could serve as upper level courses.
Courses in psycholinguis tics, cognitive neuroscience, and perception would be an important
component of a graduate curriculum.
The second concern is funding of graduate students. Students would need to be
supported by a combination of fellowships, TAs and grants held by faculty; it would be best to
provide at least one fellowship and perhaps two TAs per year, with the remaining funding being
supplied by grants. Based on this plan, it would be reasonable to have a first entering class of 4
or
5
students. With a two-year program, there would be 8-10 students at any one time.
Combined with the active upper level undergraduates, this would likely create critical mass.
If a graduate program is pursued, it will be critical to make use of the resources in
associated units. Three such units/resources include a) the connection with Computing Science,
for which Cognitive Science graduate courses, and perhaps even a joint degree, could provide a
growth area to what might otherwise be a steady state of enrollment (i.e. pure Computing
Science degrees); b) the school of Education (in particular, Phil Winne's lab and the students in
Educational Psychology who might elect to take graduate courses in Cognitive Science while
doing research in Education); and c) the School of Interactive Arts/Technology (e.g. Fisher and
his lab).
Recommendations:
• Develop a 2-year Master's program in Cognitive Science, with a niche of providing
strong research-based training for students who will then move on to either industry or to
strong Ph.D. programs in Cognitive Science and/or related fields.
• Build the curriculum around the existing undergraduate core courses, including both
under g
raduates and graduate students in some of the same courses.
• Provide funding of at least one fellowship and two TAs per year, with the goal of
drawing remaining funding from grants.
• Build on resources in units such as Computing Science, Education, and the School of
Interactive Arts and Technology and Education.
co
5. Administration of program
The program currently has a Program Manager (60% time), who is dedicated and
energetic, and has participated in all aspects of the undergraduate program. The position seems
to work well for the program, although if the undergraduate program grows, and/or if a graduate
program is initiated, the position will likely need to grow, possibly to a full-time position.
There are several concerns about the interface between the Cognitive Science program's
administration and that of other units that need to be addressed. One concerns the difficulty of
scheduling Cognitive Science courses so that they have attractive day/ time assignments that
do not conflict with other relevant departments' offerings. For example, Cognitive Science has
not had any morning classes, simply because all of these slots are occupied by other relevant
departments. At present, this situation is being handled by the Program Manager, who contacts
other department managers when scheduling is being done. However, this solution is somewhat
ad hoc, and can be improved. We suggest that core participating departments minimally agree to
have a "scheduling" meeting (once for each term) for Department/Program Managers, so that
they can develop a regular way to mesh their class schedules to avoid conflicts. Another part of
the solution is for each department to have links on their websites to the other participating
departments, including class scheduling; once the conflicts are worked Out, the website could
show Cognitive Science majors all possible classes along with days/times.
Another kind of scheduling difficulty was reported by students as they try to get into
upper level Psychology classes—required for some tracks of the Cognitive Science major.
Because these upper level classes are open
only
to Psychology majors and minors (in our
. ?
understanding), Cognitive Science students must declare as minors to enroll, then they later
"undeclare" before graduation. This is creative, but hardly a solution. It should be possible for
Psychology to allocate some small set of seats for Cognitive Science majors/ minors in order to
avoid this situation. The Chair of Psychology understands the problem, and seemed quite
amenable to working with Cognitive Science to resolve the issue.
A related issue is the more general question of how the units can formalize their
commitments. At present, there is a Steering Committee for the program as well as a wider
group of Associate Members. It would make sense for the administrative staff from Cognitive
Science and the member departments to meet regularly to discuss scheduling along with other
student issues that may arise. In addition, member departments should put a Cognitive Science
program link on their home page websites, and perhaps indicate the administrative "point
person" for each unit, e.g. who could answer student questions about the coordination of each
home department with the program.
A final issue concerns the position of Program Director, and its administrative status.
Fred Popowich is currently the Director. He does an outstanding job of guiding the program,
building consensus among the members of the Steering Committee, and doing all of the work
that being Program Director entails. This position is currently carried out as an overload, which
is unfair in the extreme. The Director should be credited for his service to the Cognitive Science
program, perhaps by being relieved of other administrative responsibilities. That is, his
responsibilities in Computing Science should be negotiated in the context of his contribution to
Cognitive Science. This again is a question of working with Computing Science to ensure that
they understand the importance of the Cognitive Science program, and Popowich's
administrative duties in the program.
S
Recommendations
• Encourage formalizing commitment among member Units by having Program Managers
from all units meet at least once a term to coordinate class scheduling.
• Ask member units to provide a number of designated Cognitive Science seats for classes
that are difficult for students to get into.
• Put links on member unit homepages to the Cognitive Science Program (and vice versa)
• Formalize the administrative contribution of the Director by negotiating administrative
release with his/ her home department (currently Computing Science, home department
of Director Popowich).
6.
Possible strategic directions and foci for UG program
We have already indicated that the link with Psychology could be significantly
strengthened. One strategic direction that could naturally engage Psychology is a focus on
human processing, acquisition, and dissolution of language under brain damage. Such a focus is
clearly relevant to the broader issue of health sciences, and would encompass linguistically
sophisticated research into the determinants of impairment in language learning and deficit
following brain lesions in adulthood. This focus is a natural part of Cognitive Neuroscience, an
important discipline closely allied-to Cognitive Science. New faculty in both Linguistics and/or
Psychology could be hired to teach courses on psycholinguistics and language learning, which
could build on existing offerings in Linguistics. Moreover, such a focus would naturally enhance
the existing research capabilities, which include EEG, MEG, and fN'IRI, supporting a strong part
of a graduate program in Cognitive Science, as well as the undergra
duate
program.
A second area that could be developed is that of computational modeling of cognition,
including areas such as learning, memory, language and perception. The Psychology department
currently has expertise in Cognitive Neuroscience-- the biological perspective on cognition-- but
it lacks expertise in computational modeling of those phenomena. This focus would fill a gap in
the interface among Psychology, Computing Science, and Cognitive Science. Computational
modeling of cognitive phenomena is relevant to understanding basic issues in cognition, to
understanding breakdown and disorders (e.g. in language) and to understanding issues relevant to
information technology, e.g. human-computer interaction. Therefore it would provide a broad
and important interface across the different areas of strength already present in the, program.
Finally, the question arose whether the Cognitive Science program could make more use
of faculty in Philosophy. The Steering committee might explore what additional Philosophy
courses could be part of the undergraduate curriculum, and there might be additional flexibility
in allowing the rotating Special Topics course to include a Philosophy offering.
Recommendations
• Consider an added focus on human language processing, acquisition, and dissolution
under brain damage, using resources in Linguistics and Psychology to build this bridge.
• Consider an added focus on computational modeling, filling an existing gap and building
bridges across Computing Science, Cognitive Science, and Psychology.
7.
Raising the program profile at SFU and attracting funding
Raising the program profile should be a natural
part
of the program's growth, especially
if foci can be linked to areas of health (as in language in the mind/brain) and information
technology (as in computational modeling). In addition, the creation of a niche graduate
1/,^a
program should attract attention across Canada and in the U.S.; there are very
few
graduate
programs that offer degree programs in Cognitive Science, and even fewer that offer a terminal
Masters degree as a path to industry or to further graduate education. Exploring connections
with industry in Canada and the U.S. should enhance the possibility of funding from these
organizations.
Another way to raise the profile is to expand collaborations with UBC in creating joint
meetings on Cognitive Science, co-taught seminars, and research collaborations. One possibility
is to establish a regular SFU-UBC meeting on Cognitive Science. If thematically based and
successful, these could seed funding for cross-university funding initiatives.
Funding efforts of individual faculty have already been quite successful and should
continue; but we do understand that these grants are relatively small. Larger grants should be
achievable because funding mechanisms are increasingly oriented towards interdisciplinary
research-- especially those that combine mind and brain. Several mechanisms for larger grants
were brought to our attention, including the Community Trust Endowment Fund and the
Canadian Institute for Health Research. The question is how to generate themes that unite
faculty interests and create critical mass for seeking focused funding. One theme that seems a
likely candidate is Language in the Mind and Brain. Such a theme is clearly health-related,
which could attract funding; existing faculty already work in this area, and the possibility of
funding would be enhanced if there were additional faculty working on brain-based aspects of
language (e.g. the aphasias). It would also connect nicely with any development of Cognitive
Neuroscience. Another theme might build on the First Nations project, perhaps seeking support
for documenting in detail the linguistic structure of endangered languages. A third theme could
. ?
be Computational Modeling, which could attract funding for its relevance to information
technology development in Canada.
Other themes could be generated by establishing faculty working groups that support
focused discussion of mutual research interests across units. If generating large-scale grants is of
sufficient priority, the administration could provide some course release to the head of a working
group, with the goal of identifying a fundable theme, and writing a grant proposal.
Finally, a somewhat different mechanism for raising the SFU profile and attracting
funding is to develop some distance teaching components of the program. Cognitive Science is
well-suited to distance teaching because of its interdisciplinary nature and appeal to both
scientists and humanists. Improving the education of people who cannot attend classes on
campus because of geographical or physical limitations is an overarching goal that would seem
quite fundable, and would certainly enhance the public visibility of SFU.
Recommendations:
• Create a niche graduate program.
• Support and expand joint meetings with other Universities in Canada to identify natural
collaborations.
• Create faculty working groups to identify themes that could cross-cut interests and serve
as the basis for generating larger-scale grants, e.g. via CTEF and Canadian Institute for
Health Research.
• Explore themes concerning Language in the Mind/Brain (in conjunction with
• ?
development of Cognitive Neuroscience), Endangered Languages (in conjunction with
the First Nations Project), and Computational Modeling.
• Explore distance learning for components of Cognitive Science curriculum
c23
.
Answers to specific questions
posed to the committee
?
in the Terms of Reference
a)
What new programmatic directions should the Cognitive Science
program consider,
particularly at the graduate level,
and how would
these differ
for Masters and
Ph.D.
students?
We have suggested that the program is ready to initiate a Masters degree program, but not
a Ph.D. program. As the Masters program becomes successful, it could potentially grow into a
Ph.D. program. The core strength in the program at present is in language and concepts, and so
it makes sense to focus a graduate program on studies in these, including human processing,
acquisition, and dissolution under brain damage, computational models of language and
language processing, and experimental approaches to the classical problems in the philosophy of
language. A focus on applications of linguistic theory to deficit populations would connect well
with existing research within Psychology (e.g. Weeks; Ribary), with the existing instrumentation
at SFU (EEG, fMRI) and with the effort to develop Cognitive Neuroscience at SFU. Another
programmatic direction could be computational modeling, which would heavily engage people
from Computing Science and (ideally) Psychology. A third possibility would be a focus on
visual cognition, if the program can more effectively involve Fisher and his lab, and/or if there
are additional hires in this area (e.g. in Psychology).
b)
Suggest possible strategic directions
and foci forthe undergraduate program, with a
view to including other related disciplines (other
than Computing,
Linguistics, Philosophy,
and Psychology) in the program.
At present, we believe there is a pressing need to consolidate and deepen participation
and relationships among the related disciplines that currently form the core. There is much
progress to be made in doing this, as our review emphasizes. There should be special emphasis
on increasing the participation of Psychology. However, other related disciplines/ units that
should be more involved include Education and the School of Interactive Arts.
c)
Evaluate the student experience in the
program particularly in the light
of the
complexity around requirements for the program.
The students we interviewed were enthusiastic and excited, and seemed to be relatively
undaunted by the program requirements. As we noted, the program would be enhanced by the
addition of a Capstone COGS 400 course, possibly in combination with research (for credit).
The administrative difficulty of getting into courses should be remediated by our suggestions for
coordinating the Program Managers across participating units, and formal acknowledgement
from Chairs of participating departments that the cognitive Science program should be
supported, e.g. by allocating class seats for the majors (without having to declare a "faux" major
in the target department). The student survey revealed that the Cognitive Science program has
been doing well for its graduates; continuing this survey will be an excellent way to monitor its
trajectory.
d)
Recommend strategies for developing linkages with other disciplines, with a view to
raising the Program's profile at
SFU, as well as attracting funding for cognitive science
research.
/94
The participating faculty have done well in terms of obtaining funding for their own research, but
with the exception of several faculty, the grants remain small. One obvious way to increase the
level of funding and to simultaneously raise the program's profile is to partner within the
program and outside of it, possibly developing new initiatives. One possibility is to move in the
direction of health-related funding by developing a focus on language processing in the normal
and abnormal human brain, both in children (stemming from disease or genetic conditions) and
adults (stemming from brain lesions). Approaching the problems of language learning and repair
using theoretically and experimentally sophisticated approaches to the structure of language
would be a natural extension to some of the work already being done in Linguistics and
Cognitive Science. Labs and instrumentation are already in place; faculty who specialize in
psycholinguis tics and/or neurolinguistics (i.e. patient populations) would provide additional
strength. A second initiative could build on the First Nations project, if work on endangered
languages can be done in such a way as to strengthen the theoretical interests of current (or new)
faculty. Our understanding is that, at present, work on these languages is very difficult, and not
really at the level of being informative on theories of language evolution, acquisition, and the
like. The third initiative we have mentioned is developing a focus on Computational Modeling
of cognitive phenomena, including language, memory, and perception.
e) Evaluate whether the Program's secondment
of teaching and administrative resources
can sustain its growing level of activity and ensure a strong future in both research and
teaching. Suggest how commitments made by collaborating units could
be codified and
formalized to ensure
quality can be
maintained?
.
?
?
At present, it is participating faculty—and not departments per se—who have formalized
their commitments, e.g. by participating in the Steering committee and/or requesting designation
as Associate Members. This is good, but probably not enough. There needs to be a clear
commitment by the participating departments, and well as increased information exchange across
these departments and units.
A simple fix is to put links to the Cognitive Science program on department websites
(and vice versa). Another step would be to have administrative staff from the Cognitive Science
program and member departments meet on a regular basis to discuss course scheduling, student
issues, and other administrative issues. A third step is to request that participating departments
provide student "seats" in the necessary classes, to avoid having Cognitive Science students
denied enrollment. An important additional step would be to have the Chairs of the participating
departments/ units attend regular meetings (perhaps twice a year) to discuss what is working and
what needs improvement in fostering full commitment and participation by their faculty. These
Chairs and the Program Director of Cognitive Science should meet with the Dean to work on
facilitating teaching of Cognitive Science courses, and ensuring that both faculty and
departments receive appropriate credit for doing this.
We have emphasized in the report that, while secondment may temporarily relieve some
teaching needs, it is not a substitute for judiciously increasing the number of faculty specifically
dedicated to Cognitive Science. A senior replacement for the CRC, and one further faculty
member are well-justified at this point, and would be an excellent investment.
Suggest opportunities
that would
make the most sense
with respect to the needs and
interests of the Program, in the light of the proposed Faculty restructuring.
We do not have specific suggestions about how the Faculty restructuring might best serve
the needs of the Program. We do think, however, that the occasion of restructuring presents a
unique opportunity for administration to think creatively and flexibly about how they might
enhance SFU's overall educational mission and profile. Our understanding is that
interdisciplinary studies and programs are at the heart of SFU's mission. We believe that the
administration's thoughtful consideration of how to move the Cognitive Science program ahead
may well serve as the vehicle for considering the problems that all interdisciplinary programs
face-- and therefore provide the opportunity to come up with thou
g htful, long-term solutions.
.
.
